哺乳动物附植前胚胎的基因表达调控

哺乳动物胚胎附植前期包括:合子的形成,胚胎基因组的激活和细胞分化的开始。在这个时期,发育由母源物质控制转为合子基因控制,在此过程,同时形成染色质介导的转录抑制时期,要解除抑制必须经过胚胎基因组的激活。通过对体内、外附植前胚胎的mRNA的表达特点以及它们与成功发育联系的研究,可以筛选出最佳的体外培养条件,设计最佳的核移植方案。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

Genetic risk factors for osteochondrosis in various horse breeds

Osteochondrosis (OC) is an injury to cartilage canals with a following necrosis in the growth cartilage, from there it can develop to osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). Due to its high impact in the equine industry, new insights into predisposing factors and potential high‐risk genetic variants are warranted. This article reviews advancements in quantitative and molecular genetics in refining estimation of genetic parameters and identifying predisposing genetic loci. Heritabilities were highest for hock OC with estimates at 0.29–0.46 in Hanoverian warmblood and Norwegian trotters, whereas in Thoroughbreds only very low genetic variation seemed to be present in hock OC lesions. Whole genome scans using the Illumina Equine SNP50 or SNP70 Beadchip were performed in Thoroughbred, Standardbred, French and Norwegian trotter, Hanoverian and Dutch warmblood. Validation studies in Spanish Purebred and Hanoverian warmblood horses corroborated OC risk loci on ECA 3, 14, 27 and 29. Particularly, a strong association with hock‐OCD was found for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on horse chromosome (ECA) 3 upstream to the LCORL gene. Gene expression and microRNA analyses may be helpful to understand pathophysiological processes in equine OC and to connect OCD‐associated genomic regions with potential candidate genes. Furthermore progress in elucidating the underlying genetic variants and pathophysiological changes in OC may be expected from whole genome DNA and RNA next‐generation sequencing studies.     

The complete mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken

ABSTRACT

1. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken, and provide molecule base to preserve and explore the specific chicken strain.

2. Based on sequencing and clustering, the complete mitochondrial DNA map and sequences of Lueyang black-bone chicken were revealed, and two phylogenetic trees of Lueyang black-bone chickens based on D-loop sequences and the mitochondrial genome were constructed.

3. The results showed that the complete mitochondrial genome of Lueyang black-bone chickens is 16,784bp in size, consisting of 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and one non-coding control region. The base composition of the complete mtDNA sequence is 30.28% for A, 23.78% for T, 32.42% for C, 13.52% for G. Additionally, 10 haplotypes of D-loop sequences in 32 Lueyang black-bone chickens were detected, which were distributed into 4 clades (A, B, C and E).

4. It was concluded that genetic diversity is wide in Lueyang black-bone chickens, and this strain has multiple maternal origins from different regions in China and neighbouring regions.     

长白山杜鹃花基因组DNA提取及RAPD体系的建立

采用改良的CTAB法提取杜鹃花的基因组DNA,所得的DNA纯度高、质量好,可用于RAPD分析.筛选出的杜鹃花RAPD反应的最佳体系为25μL反应体系中包括模板DNA20～200ng.引物10pmol,dNTPs100μmol·L-1,TaqDNA聚合酶0.5U,Mg2 2.5 mmol·L-1,10xbuffer缓冲液2.5 mmol·-1,其余部分用无茵超纯水补充.PCR扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,37℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,40次循环;72℃最终延伸7min.应用优化后的反应体系PCR扩增获得的RAPD指纹图谱带型清晰,重复性好,为长白山杜鹃花品种鉴定、分类的研究提供了一定基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型山东分离株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

根据猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)全基因组序列,设计一对特异性引物,从疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)病料中扩增出PCV-2基因组DNA,将基因片段克隆于pMD18-T载体,筛选获得含有相应片段的阳性重组质粒pMD18-T-PCV-2。对筛选出的阳性质粒进行测序。结果表明,PCV山东株的全基因组为1 767 bp,与国内外毒株核苷酸同源性高达99.6%。     

水稻基因组中分泌蛋白的初步分析

本文利用Signa1P3．0两种算法NN（neural network）和HMM（hidden markov model）对水稻基因组中59712个ORF进行了初步的筛选,其中有4433个ORF编码的蛋白具有分泌特性,占整个基因组的7．3％。4433个具有分泌特性的蛋白,在染色体的分布是不均一的。在1号染色体的所占的比例最多,为8．8％;而12号染色体上所占的比例最少,为5．0％。其中在具有分泌特性的蛋白中,酶类、非酶类和推测蛋白分别占具有分泌型信号肽蛋白的24．9％、45．7％和29．5％。     

圆斑星鲽线粒体基因组全序列结构及其进化

利用圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus Temminck et Schlegel)和相关鱼类的部分线粒体基因序列,设计出6对扩增引物,通过PCR扩增产物直接测序和引物行走(Primer walking)法测定圆斑星鲽线粒体基因组全序列,并对其进行结构与进化分析。圆斑星鲽线粒体基因组序列长17273 bp,其基因序列及构成都与其他硬骨鱼基本相同,包括37个基因(2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和13个蛋白质编码基因)和2个非编码区(控制区和WANCY区)。在22个tRNA基因中,tRNAGln、tRNAAla、tRNAAsn、tRNACys、tRNATyr、tRNASer(第2个)、tRNAGlu和tRNAPro的编码基因位于L链上,其余则位于H链上。在13个蛋白质编码基因中,除了COⅠ基因的起始密码子为GTG外,其余均以ATG为起始密码子。蛋白质编码基因包括具有完整TAA终止密码子的ND1,COⅠ,ATP8,ND4L,ND5,而其他蛋白编码基因则具有不完全终止密码子。在L链上,ND6是仅有的一个蛋白质编码基因。圆斑星蝶的控制区包含1个终止相关序列区(ETAS)、6个中央保守序列区(CSB-A、B、C、D、E、F)和3个保守序列区(CSB-1、2、3)以及长串联重复区(Tandemly repeat sequence)。用NJ法和MP法对5个目22种鱼mtDNA的13个蛋白质编码基因的氨基酸序列进行系统分析,结果显示,圆斑星蝶与石鲽关系最近,鲽形目的鲆、鲽类与鲈形目的科(Carangidae)、鲷科(Sparidae)鱼类亲缘关系较近,而同属于鲽形目的塞内加尔鳎(Solea senegalensis)没有和任何目聚在一起,成为一个独立的分支。圆斑星蝶的基因组全序列序列已提交到GenBank,登录号为DQ403797,控制区单元型序列的GenBank登录号为DQ834444~7。