Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.     

狐貉粪对黑水虻生长发育的影响

为了研究狐貉粪对黑水虻幼虫生长、预蛹及蛹的发育、成虫历期、饲料系数的影响,在温度20~25℃、湿度70%~80%的环境下,以狐貉粪为主料,添加不同比例的基础料（麦麸、豆粕与玉米面）进行饲喂。结果表明：30%发酵混合料+70%基础料处理下,老熟幼虫、预蛹、蛹的质量分别为156.0、108.8、60.2 mg,显著高于对照组,预蛹历期、蛹历期分别为7、6 d,相较于对照组显著缩短;30%发酵混合料+70%基础料的黑水虻成活率、化蛹率、羽化率都较高,分别为93%、88%、91%;50%发酵混合料+50%基础料处理组除幼虫体重显著低于30%发酵混合料+70%基础料处理组外,其他指标差异均不显著。综合分析认为,30%~50%发酵混合料对黑水虻生长发育最为适宜。     

黑水虻幼虫替代饲料直接投喂对锦鲤生长消化、肝胰脏抗氧化酶和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响

以锦鲤为试验对象,将黑水虻幼虫活虫和黑水虻幼虫干虫分别替代饲料对锦鲤进行投喂,投喂30 d后测定血清和组织中抗氧化酶活性和非特异性免疫指标。结果表明,干虫组的特定生长率、增重率显著低于对照组和活虫组(P<0.05),而体均重与肥满度各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。血清中ALT活力活虫组显著高于干虫组(P<0.05),AKP活力对照组显著低于活虫组和干虫组(P<0.05),AST活力、ACP活力和溶菌酶活力各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰脏T-SOD活力和T-AOC对照组显著低于活虫组和干虫组(P<0.05),CAT活力和GSH-Px活力各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。前肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活力各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,将黑水虻作为一种环保、价格低廉的饲料投喂锦鲤,对其生长、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫有促进作用,作为新型饲料具有可行性。     

基于Hertz接触理论的黑水虻幼虫碰撞恢复系数测定

为建立黑水虻幼虫与收集、输送、分离等机械工作部件间发生碰撞时的碰撞模型,基于黑水虻幼虫生物特性,应用Hertz弹性碰撞理论推导了黑水虻幼虫碰撞过程动力学方程,结合运动学方程原理构建了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的测定装置并进行了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数测定试验。试验针对第5龄期的黑水虻幼虫,采用L16(44×23)混合正交试验方案研究了碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、含水率等因素对黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的影响,然后对碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向进行单因素试验,并获得了材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角对恢复系数的影响规律与回归方程,且方程的决定系数均不小于0.9427。试验结果表明,影响黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的因素影响由大到小为：碰撞材料、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、碰撞材料厚度、含水率,其中含水率对恢复系数影响不显著。单因素试验结果可得：黑水虻幼虫与Q235钢、铝合金、有机玻璃、橡胶等碰撞材料间的恢复系数依次降低,随下落高度的增大而逐渐减小,随材料厚度的增加而逐渐增大,恢复系数随碰撞角的增大而整体呈增大趋势,且横向跌落方向大于纵向跌落方向。该文研究结果可为黑水虻幼虫收集、输送、分离等机械相关工作部件优化设计提供参考依据。     

两级分段式黑水虻虫沙滚筒筛分装置设计与试验

针对黑水虻虫沙分选过程中黑水虻幼虫含杂率高、损失率高等问题,结合黑水虻虫沙的机械物理特性设计了一种黑水虻虫沙分离装置,该装置主要由两级滚筒筛、链轮、电机等组成.以滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、喂入量为试验因素,以含杂率和损失率为评价指标,设计三因素三水平正交试验,分析各因素对含水率为30.2％的黑水虻虫沙筛分性能的影响.结果 表...     

海南兴隆地区黑水虻的人工繁育技术研究初报

2009年12月至2011年5月,在海南省兴隆热带植物园进行黑水虻的人工饲养技术试验,探索热带季风气候条件下,黑水虻的人工繁育系统建立方法及饲养技术要点。结果显示,虫卵孵化需要2～6 d,幼虫经20～23 d进入预蛹期,8～11 d后开始羽化,成虫置于蚊帐中每天都可交配产卵。产卵量的多少随气候条件的变化有较大差异,冬季低温和连续阴天是导致卵量变少的重要原因。     

超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱法检测黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1

本研究建立了黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱测定方法,对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1的提取、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测条件进行了优化。使用甲醇-水溶液(8:2,体积比),添加7%氯化钠对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1进行提取,免疫亲和柱净化,甲醇-乙酸铵(10 mmol/L)水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式检测,7.0 min出峰。结果表明:AFB1在1~20μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,幼虫粉回收率为83.1%~118.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6%~10%;虫粪回收率为76.6%~114.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0~3%;检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.01μg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.05μg/kg。该方法操作简单、结果准确,可以用于黑水虻幼虫粉和虫粪产品中AFB1的检测。     

基于堆积试验的黑水虻离散元仿真参数标定与分析

为解决黑水虻在畜禽粪便处理后续分离环节中应用筛分机械作业难、缺乏准确离散元仿真模型等问题,以黑水虻为研究对象,基于EDEM仿真软件模拟,选取系统中"Hertz-Mindlin with JKR"接触模型,以堆积角为评价指标,对黑水虻离散元仿真模型参数标定进行研究.首先,通过Plackett-Burman试验筛选对黑水虻...     

Effect of replacing dietary fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal on growth and fatty acid composition of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

To explore the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) on growth and body composition of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), the FM in basal diet of Jian carp was replaced by 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 g/kg BSFLM respectively to form five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets. A total of 300 Jian carp (10.1 ± 1.6 g) were randomly divided into five groups (triplicate per group) and fed five diets, respectively. After 56 days of feeding, growth and body composition of fish were determined. Results showed that serum maleic dialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in fish significantly decreased and 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 significantly increased with increasing replacement of BSFLM. The growth, biological parameters, proximate composition, amino acid composition and serum biochemical parameters of Jian carp were not affected by the replacement of BSFLM. In conclusion, up to 140 g/kg BSFLM (100% replacement of FM) can be included in diets of Jian carp without unfavourable effects on growth while decreasing n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) composition in body of fish, suggesting that BSFLM could be used after nutrient enrichment with n‐3 HUFA to bring active effects on fish quality.     

Replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat in turkey nutrition: effect on performance,digestibility, microbial community,immune and physiological status and final product quality

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of partial (50%) or total replacement of soybean oil (SO) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) fat on the growth performance, coefficients of apparent nutrient digestibility, selected internal organ weights and length, pancreatic enzyme activity and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microecology modulation, as well as microbiota activity, physiological and immunological responses in young turkey poults.

2. A total of 216, seven day old female turkeys (B.U.T 6) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments using six replicate pens per group with 12 birds per pen. The following design of the trial was applied: SO 100% soybean oil; BSFL50 a 50/50 combination of SO and BSFL fat; or 100% BSFL fat (total replacement of SO).

3. The use of BSFL fat did not affect the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, GIT morphology, or quality of the breast and thigh muscles. However, reduced trypsin activity was noticed in the BSFL100 group, but this had no effect on digestibility. Total replacement of SO reduced proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Enterobacteriaceae spp., as well as decreasing levels of IL-6, while partial substitution lowered the TNF-α concentration.

4. The replacement of commonly used SO by BSFL fat can be successfully applied in young turkey poult nutrition. BSFL fat may be considered an antimicrobial agent and support immune responses.