42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。     

12％氟唑菌酰胺·氟环唑乳油高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈加0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,使用Eclipse Plus C 18色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,在210nm波长下对12%氟唑菌酰胺·氟环唑乳油进行分离和定量测定。结果表明,该分析方法条件下氟唑菌酰胺和氟环唑的线性相关系数分别为0.9997和0.9991,标准偏差分别为0.02和0.02,变异系数分别为0.31%和0.32%,平均回收率分别为100.18%和100.44%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水稻和土壤中氟唑菌酰胺的残留及消解动态

本文采用QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定氟唑菌酰胺在水稻糙米、水稻壳、水稻植株、稻田水和土壤样品中的残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)、石墨化炭黑(GCB)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化后采用外标法进行定量分析。添加浓度为0.1、0.5和1mg/kg时,氟唑菌酰胺在水稻植株、土壤、糙米、稻壳和稻田水中的平均回收率为82.7%~111.7%,变异系数为1.6%~13.0%,氟唑菌酰胺在水稻植株、土壤、糙米、稻壳和稻田水中的最低检出浓度LOQs分别是18.89、2.85、10.27、30.21和3.21μg/kg。该方法的准确度和精密度等均符合农药残留分析的要求。田间试验结果表明,氟唑菌酰胺在水稻植株中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,安徽、广西和北京三地的水稻植株上的消解半衰期分别为2.5、3.8和9.9d,表明氟唑菌酰胺属于易降解农药。     

Monitoring of Brazilian wheat blast field populations reveals resistance to QoI,DMI, and SDHI fungicides

Wheat blast is one of the most important and devastating fungal diseases of wheat in South America, South-east Asia, and now in southern Africa. The disease can reduce grain yield by up to 70% and is best controlled using integrated disease management strategies. The difficulty in disease management is compounded by the lack of durable host resistance and the ineffectiveness of fungicide sprays. New succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides were recently introduced for the management of wheat diseases. Brazilian field populations of the wheat blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl) sampled from different geographical regions in 2012 and 2018 were shown to be resistant to both QoI (strobilurin) and DMI (azole) fungicides. The main objective of the current study was to determine the SDHI baseline sensitivity in these populations. Moderate levels of SDHI resistance were detected in five out of the six field populations sampled in 2012 and in most of the strains isolated in 2018. No association was found between target site mutations in the sdhB, sdhC, and sdhD genes and the levels of SDHI resistance, indicating that a pre-existing resistance mechanism not associated with target site mutations is probably present in Brazilian wheat blast populations.