磷对奶牛红细胞膜脂质的影响

对１５例临床上有明显低磷血症的奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜脂质成分进行了测定。结果表明，低磷血症奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜磷脂明显降低；红细胞膜胆固醇及膜胆固醇／磷脂摩尔比值（ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ）明显升高，与健康对照组牛相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；直线相关分析表明，血清磷与红细胞膜磷脂之间呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９１７，ｙ＝１０．８５２ｘ＋３．１９６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；与红细胞膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间分别呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４０，ｙ＝２．８５０ｘ－１．０７２，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝－０．９２０，ｙ＝１．９６８ｘ－１．４０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外，红细胞膜微粘度与膜磷脂之间呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４，ｙ＝１９．１２２ｘ－４．３８４，Ｐ＜０．０１），而与膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９８８，ｙ＝０．９２７ｘ＋０．９６４，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．９７８，ｙ＝－０．２９３ｘ＋１．１１３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明，磷是红细胞膜脂质成分改变的先决因素，而后者又是红细胞膜流动性及膜结构、功能发生变化并导致膜损伤的一个重要因素。     

Al2O3含量对烧结初始液流动行为的影响

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,初始液相流动行为是烧结矿固结效果的重要影响因素。采用微型烧结法,探讨了Al2O3含量对初始液相流动行为的影响,并通过对初始液相微观结构的解析,揭示了Al2O3含量对初始液相气孔分布和结构的影响规律。实验结果表明,初始液相的流动性指数随着Al2O3含量提高而降低。水淬试样的XRD实验结果结果证实,Al2O3含量的增加提高了复合铁酸钙的稳定性,降低了初始液相的流动能力。此外,初始液相流动性亦会对气孔性质产生影响。高Al2O3初始液相中气孔结构不规则程度提高,且小于50 μm气孔数目也随之增多。     

应用荧光偏振法测定酿酒酵母完整细胞膜的流动性

以酿酒酵母菌单倍体T-27(αtrp-ura-)及其耐盐突变株T-27-12(αtrp-ura-)为试验对象,考查了在高盐(25%NaCl)冲击条件下菌体生物量,并应用荧光偏振法对冲击条件下菌体细胞膜的流动性进行测定,试验数据表明:高盐冲击条件下T-27-12(αtrp-ura-)生物量明显高于T-27(αtrp-ura-),耐盐突变株T-27-12(αtrp-ura-)细胞膜的稳定性明显高于其亲株T-27(αtrp-ura-),说明T-27-12(αtrp-ura-)较其亲株有较强的抵御恶劣环境的能力,因而可以推断细胞膜的稳定性是耐盐突变株较其亲株有更强抵御高盐冲击的一个重要原因。     

山莨菪碱(654-2)对内毒素诱导山羊红细胞膜损伤过程中膜脂流动性的影响

用1,6-二苯基-1,3,5-己三烯(1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, DPH)分子荧光偏振技术,研究了内毒素(ET)诱导的山羊红细胞膜(ECM)损伤过程中膜脂的流动性(P)、膜脂区微粘度(-η)、脂双层分子排列有序性系数(A)的变化及山莨菪碱(654-2)对其的影响。结果表明,ET 处理组(Ⅱ组)ECM 的P、-η和A 参数在处理后3、5、7、9、12 h 均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P< 0.05,P< 0.01);Ⅲ组P、-η和A 参数在处理后3 h 显著低于Ⅰ组(P< 0.01), 5、7 h 高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.05,P < 0.01)。结果显示,ET可使山羊ECM P、-η和A 增加、膜流动性降低,而654-2 能有效地改善ET诱导的这些损伤变化,支持了654-2 具有维护膜结构和功能的理论。     

Temperature shifts induce adaptive changes in the physical state of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) erythrocyte plasma membranes in vitro

Blood, freshly collected from warm- and cold-acclimated carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was cooled to 5°C for 4h or warmed to 25°C for 4h, respectively, and the fluorescence anisotropy of washed red blood cells was recorded using the fluorescent dye 3-(p-(6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl) phenyl propionic acid [DPH-PA] (which is restricted to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane) before and after the temperature shift. Despite individual variation, the plasma membrane of cold-exposed erythrocytes became more fluid while that of warm-exposed cells became more rigid following the temperature shift. This response was rapid and reversible. Cold-exposed cells from warm-acclimated fish became more fluid within 40–60 minutes and reverted to their original fluidity within the same time on warming, at a rate of 1°C/min; erythrocytes, from cold-adapted carp displayed an opposite change in fluidity over a similar time period. Cells from warm-acclimated, temperature down-shifted carp hyperfluidized their plasma membranes in the cold, whereas cells from cold-acclimated fish up-shifted in temperature showed no similar effect. These cells showed a complete adjustment of membrane physical state to the temperature. Total phospholipids obtained from warm-acclimated temperature down-shifted cells became more rigid than they were, when assayed at the acclimation temperature. In contrast, phospholipids obtained from cold-acclimated cells became more rigid when exposed to increasing temperatures. No significant changes occurred to the polar head groups, or to the fatty acid composition of the total phospholipids. It was concluded that the lipids play only a secondary role in the control of the physical state of plasma membrane in carp erythrocytes, and that some non-lipid components of these structures might be involved in these regulatory processes.     

Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5–9.5 years and weighing 510–640 kg^?1.MethodsAfter 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF_2α, half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.ResultsAfter the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO₂～240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO₂～60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF_2α concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen.     

Protecting effect of vitamin E supplementation on submaximal exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary dogs as assessed by erythrocyte membrane fluidity and paraoxonase-1 activity

The aim of this placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effects of oral vitamin E supplementation for 10 weeks on exercise-induced oxidative damage in untrained dogs. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to a supplementation (n = 4) or control (n = 4) group and underwent two isolated submaximal exercise sessions, 10 weeks apart. Blood was collected during each session to measure erythrocyte membrane fluidity (EMF), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E concentrations. These biomarkers were measured in venous blood samples collected before (t₀), just after (t, EMF only) and 1 d (t + 1 d) and 7 d (t + 7 d) after the dogs ran on a treadmill.Prior to vitamin E supplementation, exercise induced a significant decrease in PON1 activity, EMF, vitamin E concentration and a significant increase in MDA concentration at t + 1 d. After a 10 week vitamin E supplementation period, these exercise-induced changes in PON1 activity, EMF and MDA concentration were still significant in the control group, but not in the supplemented group. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation had a protective effect on submaximal exercise-induced oxidative damage in sedentary dogs.     

EMC技术对RPC流动度及强度的影响

EMC（Energetically Modified Cement）技术是一项基于粉磨工艺的新技术．其对RPC性能的影响目前尚不明确．试验研究了EMC技术的使用对RPC流动度和各类型高效减水剂的最佳掺量的影响,同时通过试验探讨了EMC技术对RPC各龄期和不同水胶比下强度的影响．试验结果表明,EMC技术的使用使RPC的流动度降低,且使高效减水剂的最佳掺量也稍有降低,使用萘系减水剂更为明显;另一方面,使用EMC技术后,RPC的1d的抗压和抗折强度分别提高了103．4％和27．2％,28d则分别提高了25．1％和36．6％;同时EMC技术降低了强度对各种因素如水胶比大小等的敏感性．     

生物柴油/矿物柴油混合燃料低温流动特性及流变特性研究

采用多功能低温测定仪和旋转粘度计测定了生物柴油/矿物柴油混合燃料的冷滤点、凝点和粘度,研究了混合燃料的低温流动性能及流变学性能.结果表明:0#柴油调入生物柴油后,混合柴油的冷滤点降低,粘温性提高,低温流动性改善;不同温度下,剪切速率对混合燃料表观粘度影响不同.当温度高于冷滤点时,剪切速率对混合燃料表观粘度影响较小;当温度低于冷滤点时,剪切速率增大,混合燃料表观粘度降低,且随温度降低,表观粘度随剪切速率增大而降低更为明显.     

Effects of oxidized high-density lipoprotein on membrane fluidity and the expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 of monocyte

AIM: To investigate the effects of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) on membrane fluidity and the expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen(LFA-1) of monocyte. METHODS: The membrane fluidity of THP-1 cells was assayed by fluorescence anisotropy with DPH (1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene), a fluorescent probe; The LFA-1 expression on THP-1 cells were assayed by flow cytometry with indirect immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The membrane fluidity of THP-1 cells was reduced by 45% and 52% respectively (P＜0.01) after incubation with 100 μg protein/mL oxHDL and oxLDL for 20 h; oxHDL could stimulated the expression of LFA-1 on THP-1 cells, the positive cell rate and mean fluoresence intensity (MFI) increased by 39% and 45% respectively versus control group (P＜0.01) after incubation with cells for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: By increasing the expression of LFA-1 on monocyte, oxHDL can promote the monocyte-endothelium adhesion; oxHDL also can reduce the membrane fluidity of monocyte, that will limit the returning of monocytes from subendothelium back to the circulation. This suggested that oxHDL may play an important role in atherogenesis.