上海地区甜菜夜蛾的抗药性及防治

通过浸渍法测定上海地区甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类、昆虫生长调节剂类(IGRs)以及一些新型药剂的抗性,结果表明:甜菜夜蛾对乙酰甲胺磷和氰戊菊酯的抗性分别为2 731.2和619.5倍的超高抗水平。昆虫生长调节剂如抑太保、米满等药剂对甜菜夜蛾抗性表现较好,是防治甜菜夜蛾的理想药剂,但近几年的敏感性有所下降,应注意抗药性抗性的产生和加剧。田间药效与室内毒力测定结果显示趋势一致。除尽、安打、氟铃脲、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和病毒制剂等是目前防治甜菜夜蛾的良好药剂。     

种赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力研究

草地贪夜蛾是一种原产于美洲地区的多食性和迁飞性害虫。自2019年初入侵我国以来已蔓延至21个省（市、自治区）,对我国的玉米生产造成重大威胁。为探讨草地贪夜蛾的长效控制体系,我们考察了5种国内常见的赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾寄生能力的影响,同时选择寄生能力较好的2种赤眼蜂进行了驯化培养。结果显示在供试赤眼蜂中,松毛虫赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力最强,平均单雌可寄生20粒卵;碧岭赤眼蜂次之,平均单雌可寄生9.6粒卵;玉米螟赤眼蜂几乎不能寄生,平均单雌仅为1粒卵。对松毛虫赤眼蜂和碧岭赤眼蜂利用草地贪夜蛾卵驯化多代后发现松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生能力无显著变化,而碧岭赤眼蜂经过4代驯化后有明显的提高,由平均单雌寄生9.6粒卵提高至13.4粒。综上所述,供试的5种赤眼蜂均可寄生草地贪夜蛾卵,其中以松毛虫赤眼蜂和碧岭赤眼蜂的寄生能力最强,通过多代驯化碧岭赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力具有提升的趋势,因此国内本土的赤眼蜂也具有防治草地贪夜蛾的潜力。     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

草地贪夜蛾到底有多“贪”

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda被认为是世界上最具破坏性的害虫之一。其巨大的破坏性主要源于其具有贪吃、贪育、贪婪、广适、耐药等特性。治"贪"就是要利用它的贪性发展出一系列的治理措施和技术,使得其贪性难以发挥,将其种群密度控制在经济为害水平以下,以保障作物生产和生态安全。     

重庆地区草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌的分离鉴定

为了解入侵重庆地区草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)肠道所携带的细菌组成,以采集自巫溪、巫山地区玉米地里的草地贪夜蛾为材料,运用传统培养方法分离了其肠道优势细菌,并基于16S rDNA测序开展了优势菌的属水平鉴定,共获得了30个细菌分离株,经16S rDNA序列同源性分析,可归于5个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)以及气单胞菌属(Aeromonas);其中,克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)的丰度最高,占所有分离菌株的63%;假单胞属(Pseudomonas)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)菌株仅在巫山地区分离得到,气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)仅在巫溪地区分离得到.实验确定了入侵重庆地区草地贪夜蛾肠道优势细菌的种类及丰度,为后续研究草地贪夜蛾肠道微生物对宿主的生长发育以及迁飞等重要问题奠定了基础.     

重庆地区取食高粱的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌新分离株的鉴定

为充分认识入侵重庆地区草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)的肠道微生物, 2019年7月该课题组再次在重庆江津地区高粱地采集了草地贪夜蛾幼虫,通过分离培养结合16S rDNA测序鉴定,从江津草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中共分离得到38个细菌分离株,归为9个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).在课题组前期研究的基础上,新分离到了6个属,分别为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium).同时还对入侵重庆地区采食高粱和玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌分离株进行了比较分析,只在采食高粱的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中发现了欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)的菌株,而气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)和类香味菌属(Myroides)则只在采食玉米的草地贪夜蛾幼虫肠道中分离得到.通过对同一片江津高粱地的草地贪夜蛾和玉米黏虫(Mythimna separata)的肠道细菌分离株进行比较分析,只在草地贪夜蛾肠道中发现了微球菌属(Micrococcus)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和鞘脂杆菌属(Sphingobacterium),而金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)只发现于玉米黏虫肠道中.     

定虫脲(Chlorfluazuron)对粘虫幼虫(Mythimna separata L.)杀虫作用的研究

定虫脲(CFU)系苯酰基苯脲类系列药剂中有较高药效的一个品种,它对三龄粘虫幼虫的毒效作用较其第一代杀虫剂除出脲(Diflubenzuron)高约70倍,对六龄粘虫幼虫,用点滴、胃毒和注射方法处理,最终毒效相若。根据粘虫六龄幼虫表皮几丁质含量的动态变化,在不同时龄时用点滴法施药,发现试虫的死亡时间和受药时间有明显相关。以72时龄为界,在此以前受药者试虫多数不能变态,死亡于化蛹之前。而72时龄以后施药者,试虫则多数可变态,但在蛹期陆续死亡。因此,72时龄是表皮几丁质沉积的分界线,但并未发现施药后的原位反应(insi-tu)或几丁质厚度和药效之问的相关。     

超声波对粘虫的处理效果

以常见害虫粘虫为试验材料,用不同剂量超声波处理成虫,观察处理后期粘虫发育阶段的死亡率和羽化率变化情况。结果表明:随着超声波剂量的增大,粘虫死亡率呈明显上升趋势,羽化率有明显下降趋势,超声波作用生物效应显著,当作用时间为140 s时,成虫死亡率急剧升高,高于50%,当作用时间超过180 s时,几乎没有羽化的粘虫。