莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。     

K+对盐胁迫下罗布麻生长及离子吸收分配的效应

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了低钾(0.01 mmolL-1)和正常钾(2.5 mmolL-1)水平对NaCl胁迫下罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)生长和离子吸收分配的影响。结果表明,随着介质中NaCl浓度的增加,罗布麻的根、茎、叶的生物量和株高呈下降趋势;但相同浓度NaCl处理下,低钾和正常钾之间无显著差异(P0.05)。罗布麻各器官中Na+含量随介质NaCl浓度的增加显著上升(P0.05),叶中上升幅度明显大于根和茎;叶和茎中K+随介质NaCl浓度的增加显著下降,但仍维持较高水平,根中K+浓度能保持稳定;低钾和正常钾水平下,与无盐胁迫(对照)相比,50 mmolL-1 NaCl处理植株叶中K+浓度无显著变化。在对照条件下,罗布麻体内积累大量K+,其叶中K+浓度是Na+的15倍多。可见,增强K+的选择性吸收和运输,保持叶部较高的K+含量和K+/Na+比是罗布麻适应盐逆境的重要生理机制。     

杨木低聚木糖对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸含量及血清激素水平的影响

本试验以肉鸡为研究对象,对以杨木屑为原料、采用醋酸催化法制取的低聚木糖进行评价,研究低聚木糖对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸含量及血清激素水平的影响,探讨低聚木糖的促生长机制,为醋酸催化法生产低聚木糖的应用提供理论依据.选用120只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡,随机分为2个组,即对照组和低聚木糖组,每组6个重复,每个...     

2020年新疆地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体检测与分析

为了解2020年新疆地区猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体水平及其消长规律,本试验采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对1 218份血清中PRRSV免疫抗体水平进行检测和分析.结果显示,PRRSV抗体平均阳性率为78.49％(956/1218),高于国家规定标准(70％).S/P的平均值为1.22±0.8...     

观赏桃园昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究

对观赏桃园昆虫群落的结构及多样性研究表明:观赏桃园昆虫有61种,隶属于11目44科。物种数随季节变化而变化,主要优势种为桃小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescensFabr.)和山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennesisZacher)。在不同时间其优势度、多样性、均匀性等也不断变化。根据群落的相异系数对观赏桃园6~9月的昆虫群落进行分析表明,9月上旬与9月中旬的昆虫群落最为相似,其次是7月下旬与8月中旬。     

Proportionality principle revisited – relationship between application rates and pesticide residue concentrations in food commodities

BACKGROUND

The proportionality principle has been broadly used for over 10 years in regulatory assessments of pesticide residues. It allows extrapolation of supervised field trial data conducted at lower or higher application rates compared to the use pattern under evaluation by adjustment of measured concentrations, assuming direct proportionality between the rates applied and the resulting residues. This work revisits the principle idea by using supervised residue trials sets conducted under identical conditions but with deviating application rates. Four different statistical methods were used to investigate the relationship between application rates and residue concentrations and to draw conclusions on the statistical significance of the direct proportionality assumed.

RESULTS

Based on over 5000 individual trial results, the assumption of direct proportionality was not confirmed to be statistically significant (P > 0.05) using three models: direct comparison of application rates and residue concentrations ratios and two linear log-log regression models correlating application rate and residue concentration or only residue concentrations per se. In addition, a fourth model analysed deviations between expected concentrations following direct proportional adjustment and measured residue values from corresponding field trials. In 56% of all cases, the deviation was larger than ±25%, which represents the tolerance usually accepted for the selection of supervised field trials in regulatory assessments.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the assumption of direct proportionality between application rates and resulting residue concentrations of pesticides was not statistically significant. Although the proportionality approach is highly pragmatic in regulatory practice, its use should be considered carefully on a case-by-case basis. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

不同氮磷水平对南四湖区稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用的影响

为了确定南四湖区农田合理的氮磷肥投入量,减轻氮磷流失风险,对不同氮磷水平下稻田的稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用情况进行研究。结果表明,不施氮磷肥使耕层土壤氮磷含量明显下降,稻谷产量显著降低;减施30%氮磷肥显著提高了氮磷肥利用率,降低了稻谷产量。过量施用氮磷肥处理对稻谷产量无显著效果,且显著提高了耕层土壤硝态氮含量,明显降低了氮磷肥利用率,促进了水稻对氮素的积累,对水稻磷素积累无显著效果。稻谷氮磷累积量明显高于稻草,稻谷和稻草含氮量均随氮磷肥施用量的增加而增大。氮磷肥利用率随氮磷肥施用量的增加而降低。减施15%氮磷肥对土壤氮磷含量和稻谷产量均影响不大,显著提高了氮磷肥利用效率,降低了经济成本,减轻了氮磷素流失风险,是南四湖区稻田较好的氮磷肥施用模式。     

HJ-1卫星延寿期的CCD影像质量评价与可用性分析

HJ-1卫星发射升空投入运行以来,已在灾害与环境的快速监测与预报领域发挥了重要作用。HJ-1卫星目前已经成功运行3a多,属于超期服役状态。为了评价延寿期影像质量,该文从影像的几何校正精度、灰度特征和纹理特征3个方面对延寿期HJ-1A-CCD影像进行分析,并与正常寿命运行期的HJ-1ACCD影像、同时期的Landsat7 ETM+影像进行比较,分析结果表明:延寿期HJ-1A-CCD影像质量虽然有一定程度的下降,但其与正常寿命期影像质量接近,仍能较好地描述丰富的地物类型及地物细节信息,可以像正常寿命期影像一样,有效地用于环境监测、灾害监测、国土资源管理、城市规划、农业应用等方面。     

Effects of Irrigation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Yield and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Soil

Water and nitrogen (N) are considered the most important factors affecting rice production and play vital roles in regulating soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. The effects of irrigation patterns and N fertilizer levels on the soil microbial community structure and yield of paddy rice were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was designed with four N levels of 0 (N0), 126 (N1), 157.5 (N2), and 210 kg N ha-1 (N3) under two irrigation patterns of continuous water-logging irrigation (WLI) and water-controlled irrigation (WCI). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was conducted to track the dynamics of soil microbial communities at tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that the maximums of grain yield, above-ground biomass, and total N uptake were all obtained in the N2 treatment under WCI. Similar variations in total PLFAs, as well as bacterial and fungal PLFAs, were found, with an increase from the tillering to the grain-filling stage and a decrease at the maturity stage except for actinomycetic PLFAs, which decreased continuously from the tillering to the maturity stage. A shift in composition of the microbial community at different stages of the plant growth was indicated by principal component analysis (PCA), in which the samples at the vegetative stage (tillering stage) were separated from those at the reproductive stage (grain-filling and maturity stages). Soil microbial biomass, measured as total PLFAs, was significantly higher under WCI than that under WLI mainly at the grain-filling stage, whereas the fungal PLFAs detected under WCI were significantly higher than those under WLI at the tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The application of N fertilizer also significantly increased soil microbial biomass and the main microbial groups both under WLI and WCI conditions. The proper combination of irrigation management and N fertilizer level in this study was the N2 (157.5 kg N ha-1) treatment under the water-controlled irrigation pattern.