Groundnut Rust (Puccinia arachidis) in Brunei

Abstract

A field trial was conducted during the cotton growing seasons of 1978-79 and 1979-80 at Hissar, Haryana (India) to determine the capture threshold of male pink bollworm moths in traps baited with gossyplure for timing the insecticidal application. It was found that application of insecticides when the number of male moths averaged 4 or 8 per trap per night was superior to fixed spray schedule (spraying at an interval of 13-14 days starting from middle of August) in reducing the pink bollworm incidence and obtaining higher yield of seed cotton. For effective and economic control of the pest, insecticides should be applied within 24-48 hours when the number of male moths captured in gossyplure baited traps reaches 8 per trap per night.     

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可可活性成分的研究概况

概述可可中的多酚类化合物、脂类化合物、蛋白质及膳食纤维等的活性成分,及其分析方法与生理功能的研究现状。     

可可活性成分的研究概况

概述可可中的多酚类化合物、脂类化合物、蛋白质及膳食纤维等的活性成分,及其分析方法与生理功能的研究现状。     

Tree crop based agroforestry in Nigeria: a checklist of crops intercropped with cocoa

A survey of cocoa farmers in Bendel, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States of Nigeria, carried out in 1985, showed that almost all the farmers intercropped other crops with cocoa. The intercrops included food crops such as plantain (92.3), cocoyam (85.7%), cassava (51.3%), yam (41.3%), maize (38.9%), melon (31.4%), cowpea (28.6%) and pineapple (26.0%) and tree crops such as oil palm (71.5%), kola (67.3%), coffee (41.0%), coconut (7.9%) and citrus (7.2%). Other crops are ewe-iran (Sarcophrynium brachystachys) and ewe-gbodogi (Megaphrynium macrostachyum) (45.2%), african walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) (42.2%), aligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta) (31.6%), and iyere (Piper guinense) (20.2%). Guava, mango, pawpaw and vegetables such as celosia, okra and solanum occur in cocoa plots at rather low frequencies. As many as six or more other crops can be intercropped with cocoa at the same time.     

Soil Fertility Changes due to Drip Fertigation in Arecanut-Cocoa System

The effects of drip fertigation of NPK and vermicompost extract (VCE) on soil fertility status of arecanut-only and arecanut-cocoa systems were assessed in a 4-year field study. In arecanut, soil pH was reduced over initial levels. At 0–30 cm deep, fertigation of 75 percent NPK to arecanut only and organic-matter recycling in arecanut + cocoa maintained significantly greater soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil-test phosphorus (P). At the first depth, soil potassium (K) was significantly greater with 75 percent NPK (246 mg kg^?1) than other treatments. In cocoa, soil pH varied significantly due to fertigation at both depths. The SOC was reduced due to 75 percent NPK at the first depth. In cocoa, the P availability increased significantly with application of VCE at 20 percent N. Fertigation of 75 percent NPK maintained significantly greater soil K and soil Mg than other treatments. The results suggest that drip fertigation of NPK sustains the soil fertility status in arecanut and cocoa.     

茶叶多酚氧化酶的基因克隆

本试验以嫁接可可茶为材料,提取了高质量的茶树基因组DNA,以纯化的DNA为模板,利用FS和RX引物组合进行PCR扩增,结果扩增出了约1800bp的片段,与预期大小一致。所克隆的PPO基因与其它茶树PPO基因的同源性达到98％,氨基酸序列同源性达到91％,确认为茶叶多酚氧化酶基因。     

转基因抗虫棉棉盲蝽的发生规律及种群数量动态调查

于2005~2008年采用系统调查和大田普查相结合的方法,对造成转基因抗虫棉＂破头疯＂现象的棉盲蝽的主要发生规律及种群数量动态进行了调查。结果表明：绿棉盲蝽是造成抗虫棉＂破头疯＂和＂破叶疯＂的主要种群,在棉田发生高峰期为7月9日至9月19日;其它棉盲蝽种群数量较少,在棉田发生高峰为6月上旬至7月下旬。     

可可膳食纤维的制备工艺及物理特性研究

以可可果皮为原料,采用酸水解法提取水溶性膳食纤维和水不溶性膳食纤维。结果表明,可可水溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺为：料液比为1∶30,水浴温度90℃,pH 2.0,提取时间30 min,得率为25.19%。可可膳食纤维总得率达57.99%,不溶性膳食纤维的持水力为5.23 g/g,溶胀性为11.42 mL/g。     

发酵与焙烤对可可豆香气影响的GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气-质联用仪（GC-MS）分析未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆的香气成分,并采用主成分分析法对可可豆香气的影响进行分析。结果表明：未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆香气差异明显。从未发酵豆和发酵豆中分别鉴定出30和62种挥发性成分,主要为醇类、酮类、烯烃类和醛类,发酵后可可豆香气物质增多。在105、125、145 ℃下焙烤的未发酵豆和发酵豆分别鉴定出47、59、84和71、68、83种,主要为醇类、酯类、醛类、烯烃和吡嗪类,低温焙烤和高温焙烤的可可豆香气差异明显;酮类集中于未发酵低温焙烤区,酸类、酯类和醇类偏向于发酵低温焙烤区,呋喃类和吡嗪类等杂环类化合物指向高温焙烤区。这些香气成分的差异,形成不同处理可可豆之间的风味差异,可可豆香气成分的主成分分析可以作为可可豆不同处理潜在的评价方法。