Natural enemies and seasonal abundance of the blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella) in pecan orchards in Israel

The blackmargined aphid,Monellia caryella (Fitch), exhibited a seasonal pattern with early and late peaks of the population in pecan orchards at Newe Ya’ar in the Yizre’el Valley. A similar pattern was not observed at Kibbutz Sede Eliyyahu in the Bet She’an Valley, where there was a single peak, late in the season. The occurrence of natural enemies indicated that spiders and lacewing eggs were the predators most commonly associated with population fluctuations of the aphid. In most cases the rate of increase of the blackmargined aphid was highest late in the season.     

有益瓢虫的生防利用研究概述

对国内近三十年来有所研究报道的有益瓢虫的种类、防治对象及分布作一综述,有益瓢虫共有51种,其中3种为国外引进种,48种为国内所有种,除一种为菌食性外,其余均为捕食性,所取食的害虫种类大多数为介壳虫、蚜虫、螨类、粉虱,极少数种类取食叶甲、木虱、飞虱若虫、叶蝉若虫等。     

捕食性瓢虫的利用

瓢虫在生物防治发展历史中占据着重要的地位，Ｃｏｐｐｅｌ和Ｍａｒｔｉｎｓ（１９７７）在《害虫生物抑制》一书中，把１８８８年作为害虫防治早期历史与中期历史的分界。这是由于１８８８年美国加利福尼亚州自澳大利亚移殖澳洲瓢虫防治吹绵蚧获得成功，使引进天敌防治害虫成为一项重要措施，在害虫防治研究中更加重视天敌的作用，推动着生物防治工作的开展。本文介绍了捕食性瓢虫的种类及区系分布，捕食性瓢虫的输引情况，总结了瓢虫人工繁殖以及捕食性瓢虫的利用研究概况。