不同激素组合和附加物对翠菊下胚轴愈伤组织诱导的影响

用翠菊下胚轴作外植体,研究不同激素组合和附加物对翠菊下胚轴愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,在初代培养过程中,以MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+IAA 2.0mg/L对翠菊愈伤组织诱导具有较好的促进作用,愈伤诱导率最高,为86.67%。培养基中同时加入500mg/L水解酪蛋白和1 000mg/L的L-脯氨酸可显著提高胚性愈伤组织的诱导率,诱导率达86.67%;甘露醇和AgNO3对胚性愈伤组织诱导率提高无明显作用,但愈伤组织生长更加旺盛,较致密,更有利于以后继代和分化。     

科尔沁沙地70种植物繁殖体形状比较研究

研究了科尔沁沙地70种植物的繁殖体(31种为种子,39种为果实)形状。用繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差衡量繁殖体形状。方差越小,繁殖体越接近圆球形;方差越大,繁殖体越细长或扁平。研究结果表明,1)所量测的70种植物的繁殖体(种子或果实)形状差异很大,最小的方差不足0．03,最大的超过0．18。2)大部分一年生杂草的种子繁殖体近似于圆球形。3)黄蒿、马齿苋、碱地肤、狼尾花、灰绿藜、刺沙蓬、菟丝子、大籽蒿、狗尾草的繁殖体比较接近圆球形(方差小于0．09),它们可能具有持久种子库。4)萝摩科植物萝摩、杠柳、细叶白前繁殖体具绢毛;菊科植物女菀、飞廉、黄金菊、山莴苣、苣荬菜和夹竹桃科植物罗布麻有冠毛;石竹科植物石竹和鸢尾科植物野鸢尾有翅;香蒲科植物小香蒲有宿存花柱;可能这些植物都可被风传播。糙隐子草、披碱草、水稗草、牛鞭草、冠芒草具芒,它们可能具有固结自身的作用;苍耳、雾冰藜、鹤虱带钩或刺,易于被动物传播。5)草甸植物野豌豆、海滨天冬、小黄花菜作为传播体的种子较圆;草甸植物女菀、山莴苣、黄金菊、披碱草、野古草、牛鞭草、狼尾草作为传播体的果实扁平或细长;流沙上的先锋植物或沙生系列演替前期植物沙蓬、刺沙篷、乌丹蒿、差巴嘎蒿、狗尾草、雾冰藜、东北木蓼、山竹子等的繁殖体多数偏离圆球形程度较大。     

Erysiphe trifolii– a newly recognized powdery mildew pathogen of pea

Diversity of powdery mildew pathogens infecting pea (Pisum sativum) in the US Pacific Northwest was investigated using both molecular and morphological techniques. Phylogenetic analyses based on rDNA ITS sequences, in combination with assessment of morphological characters, defined two groups of powdery mildews infecting pea. Group I (five field samples and three glasshouse samples) had ITS sequences 99% similar to those of Erysiphe pisi in GenBank and exhibited simple, mycelioid type of chasmothecial appendages typical of E. pisi. Erysiphe pisi is normally considered as the powdery mildew pathogen of pea. Group II (four glasshouse samples and two field samples) had ITS sequences 99% similar to those of E. trifolii and produced chasmothecia with dichotomously branched appendages similar to those of E. trifolii. There are fourteen nucleotide differences in the ITS region between the two groups. The correlation of rDNA ITS sequences with teleomorphic features for each of the two groups confirms their identity. Repeated samplings and artificial inoculations indicate that both E. pisi and E. trifolii infect pea in the US Pacific Northwest. Erysiphe trifolii is not previously known as a pathogen of pea. The existence of two distinct powdery mildew species infecting pea in both glasshouse and field environments may interfere with the powdery mildew‐resistance breeding programmes, and possibly explains putative instances of breakdown of resistance in previously resistant pea breeding lines.     

浙江荚蒾属植物小志

在编写“浙江植物志”的过程中,作者最近从事浙江产的荚蒾属(Viburnum Linn.)的研究。本文包括23种,1变种及2变型,分隶于:(1)锥序组Sect,Thyrsosma (Rafin.)Rehd.—3种,(2)荚蒾组Sect.Viburnum—4种及1变型,(3)合轴组Sect.Pseudotinus C.B.Clarke—1种,(4)球核组Sect.Tinus(Borkh.)Maxim.—种,(5)蝶花组Sect.Pseudopulus(Dipp.)Rehd.—1种及1变型,(6)齿叶组Sect.Odontotinus Rehd.—12种及1变种,以及(7)裂叶组Sect.Opulus A.DC.—1种。其中尚有归并为同物异名者1种及1个新组合的亚种。 作为分类学研究成果,本文提供了对主要器官及附属物的特征,分组及分种的检索表,对每一分类群的地理分布、生态条件等作了系统的论述和列举。 本文中所被研究的大量标本均藏于杭州植物园标本室、杭州大学生物系标本室及浙江博物馆标本室。     

三江源区高寒草甸43种植物繁殖体质量比较

研究了青藏高原三江源地区高寒草甸43种植物的繁殖体(13种为种子,30种为果实)质量,其质量差别很大,最小的单粒质量不足0.03 mg,最大的超过5 mg。有15种植物繁殖体单粒质量小于1 mg,可能具有持久土壤种子库;多年生草本植物较一年生草本植物的繁殖体质量大(P0.05);杂草较优良牧草的繁殖体质量大(P0.01);菊科植物的繁殖体较禾本科、莎草科的质量大(P0.05);繁殖体附属物在植物的传播和定居方面具有重要的作用:75%的菊科植物具有冠毛,易于被风传播,89%的禾本科植物具芒,被风传播的概率小。