杀虫剂西维因对萼花臂尾轮虫急性毒性和生活史参数的影响

采用生态毒理学方法,研究了(25±1)℃下,杀虫剂西维因对萼花臂尾轮虫的急性毒性影响以及慢性染毒对轮虫生命史参数的影响。结果表明:西维因对轮虫24 h急性毒性半致死浓度为4.868 mg·L-1,95%置信区间为4.538~5.229 mg·L-1;慢性毒性实验结果显示,除产卵量外,西维因对轮虫的主要发育阶段历时、平均寿命、净生殖率、生命期望、内禀增长率以及世代时间均有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,西维因显著降低(缩短)轮虫平均寿命、净生殖率和内禀增长率,且高浓度的西维因对平均寿命和内禀增长率的影响更为显著;幼体阶段历时和胚胎发育时间均随西维因浓度的升高而延长;除2.2 mg·L-1的西维因对轮虫世代时间无显著影响外,其他各浓度均显著缩短轮虫世代时间(P0.05)。     

6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂防治甘蓝蜗牛药效试验

进行6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂防治甘蓝蜗牛的药效对比试验,结果表明:6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂对甘蓝蜗牛具有良好的防治效果。在甘蓝蜗牛发生初期每667 m2施用6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g、600 g 1次,药后5 d的防效为94.96%和91.28%,高于6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂450 g及对照药剂6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂。6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g药后10 d的防效仍可高达95.04%。生产上建议在甘蓝蜗牛发生初期,每667 m2使用6%聚醛·甲萘威颗粒剂750 g进行防治。     

24％甲萘威·吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂对稻飞虱的控制作用

2009—2010年在广州番禺进行24%甲萘威·吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂防治水稻稻飞虱田间药效试验,结果表明,24%甲萘威·吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂制剂每667 m2用量110、140、170 g处理对水稻稻飞虱速效性差,但持效期长,具有较好的防治效果;药后1、3、7 d,3个剂量处理对稻飞虱连续两年的防治效果分别为64%～71%、75%～84%和80%～95%,能有效控制稻飞虱的危害。生产上,推荐24%甲萘威·吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂防治稻飞虱的制剂用量为每667 m2用110～140 g。     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

甲萘威原药高效液相色谱分析方法

采用带紫外检测器和ODS-C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪,在流动相甲醇 水=80 20(V/V)、检测波长278nm、流速1.0mL/min的条件下,对甲萘威含量进行定量分析。结果表明,甲萘威的标准偏差为0.39;变异系数为0.41%;平均回收率为99.64%;线性相关系数为0.9998。     

甲萘威酶联免疫吸附分析技术研究

合成了两种不同结构的甲萘威半抗原并与载体蛋白质共价偶联制备人工抗原。以人工抗原免疫动物获得对甲萘威具特异性的高效价抗体 ,建立并优化了痕量甲萘威的竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定法。该法测定甲萘威的线性浓度范围为 10 1～ 10 -4 μg/ml,检测限低于 0 .0 1ng/ml。其他结构类似的氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂对甲萘威的分析无干扰。     

舞毒蛾DnaJ1基因克隆分析及对甲萘威胁迫响应

Dna J蛋白是Dna K/Hsp70的辅助分子伴侣,通过调节Hsp70的ATPase活性来影响蛋白复合体的合成与组装。为明确舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar的LdDnaJ1基因特性及对杀虫剂甲萘威的胁迫响应,通过克隆LdDnaJ1全长基因并运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术测定了甲萘威对其LdDnaJ1基因表达量的影响。结果表明,舞毒蛾Ld Dna J1全长基因开放阅读框为1 062 bp,编码353个氨基酸,分子质量为39.91 kD,理论等电点为5.65;舞毒蛾Dna J与柑橘凤蝶Papilio xuthus Dna J亲缘关系较近。甲萘威对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫24 h和48 h的致死中浓度LC50分别为74.04 mg/L和31.48mg/L。低剂量(LC_5、LC_(10)和LC_(30))甲萘威胁迫下,舞毒蛾2龄幼虫Ld Dna J1基因表达量均下调,LC_(30)甲萘威处理后72 h时LdDnaJ1基因表达量最低,仅为对照的15.70%。表明甲萘威可抑制舞毒蛾LdDnaJ1基因的表达,且呈现明显的时间和剂量效应。     

甲萘威暴露对雄性罗非鱼血清中内分泌相关酶活性的影响

实验室条件下,尼罗罗非鱼暴露于不同浓度的甲萘威（0．16、0．8、2mg·L^-1）下29d,通过酶联免疫法测定黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）水平变化,探讨甲萘威对尼罗罗非鱼内分泌干扰效应。研究结果显示,在实验期间与对照组相比,0．16、0．8、2mg·L^-1甲萘威暴露下的LH、FSH、T3、T4水平均随暴露时间增加不断升高,其中：10-19d内上升幅度小,20～29d内上升幅度较大,在实验第29d,LH、FSH、T3、T4水平均达到暴露以来的最大值。研究表明,从甲萘威对鱼体存在10d的短期积累效应来看,O．8mg·L^-1的甲萘威具有最强的内分泌干扰能力,此浓度下的LH、FSH、T3、T4水平在暴露第10d均高于其他两个浓度组;从29d的长期积累效应来看,2mg·L^-1浓度组的各激素水平上升幅度最大。     

分光光度法测定鸡蛋中西维因的含量

以对硝基苯偶氮氟硼酸盐为显示剂,探讨了分光光度法测定鸡蛋中西维因含量的最佳条件,并建立了分析方法.西维因含量的线性范围为0.1～1.0μg/mL,样品分析结果的加标回收率在82.6%～88.4%之间,相对标准偏差为1.0%.该方法可用于鸡蛋中西维因含量的测定.     

Impact of insecticide‐manipulated defoliation by Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) on grapevines from vineyard establishment through production

BACKGROUND: Japanese beetle (JB), Popillia japonica Newman, is a severe pest of grapes in the southeastern USA where viticulture is a growing industry. This study evaluated the impact of foliar injury from JB field populations on growth, fruit ripening, berry composition and yield of young vines of six cultivars from vineyard establishment through the first year of production. Three spray regimes, carbaryl applied every 7 or 14 days, or no insecticide, were used to manipulate levels of defoliation by JB. RESULTS: Cultivars varied in susceptibility and response to defoliation by JB. Some (e.g. Norton) showed reduced vine growth and delayed post‐veraison increase in total soluble sugars and pH, as well as reduced cluster number and weight, berries per cluster and yield. Others (e.g. Concord) showed little or no measurable impact from JB. Notably, the biweekly spray regime was as effective as weekly sprays in mitigating the impacts of defoliation. CONCLUSION: Foliar loss from JB feeding can set back establishment and productivity of young grapevines. Nevertheless, many growers can reduce spray frequency without compromising the benefits of JB management. Even susceptible cultivars can tolerate low to moderate (<20%) levels of defoliation, and some are resistant enough to be grown without treating for JB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry