马铃薯黑痣病生防菌的筛选及防治效果

由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的马铃薯黑痣病由于常年连作和马铃薯种植规模扩大,病害发生越来越严重[1,2].目前马铃薯黑痣病的防治主要依靠农药的施用[3,4],但化学药剂的频繁使用会导致抗药性的产生、同时带来农药残留和环境污染等问题[5].从棉花根际土壤分离得到的多粘类芽胞杆菌Sx3可产生杀镰...     

土壤因子对海洋多粘类芽胞杆菌L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤定殖的影响

本试验考察了土壤温度、有机质含量和pH对海洋生防细菌多粘类芽胞杆菌L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤中定殖的影响。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测了不同时期黄瓜根表土壤中菌株L_1-9的16S r DNA拷贝数。结果表明,土壤有机质含量、土壤温度和pH对菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根表的定殖有显著影响(P0.01)。25℃定殖数量最高,为5.79×108拷贝/g土,是15℃时的3.4倍;添加有机肥20~40 g/kg土壤,可以促进菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根际定殖;pH 7时,菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤中的定殖数量最高。本研究为海洋生防菌L_1-9防治黄瓜土传病害提供了理论依据。     

3株来源于青稞白酒糟醅的生防菌株鉴定及其生物活性

为寻找高效安全且来源于生物源的除草活性物质,以此为先导化合物开发生物源除草剂。从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的菌株中筛选到3株高效除草活性菌株,经形态特征和分子生物学鉴定后,确定JZ2?1?2为多粘类芽孢杆菌,JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2为枯草芽孢杆菌。3株芽孢杆菌的发酵液对供试禾本科杂草野燕麦的种子萌发具有抑制作用,同时对其幼苗发育影响明显,对野燕麦幼苗根长抑制率分别为92.48%、100.00%、100.00%。枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5发酵液通过茎叶喷施后,盆栽野燕麦植株7 d后大部分死亡,JZ2?5?2、JZ2?1?2对野燕麦防除效果次之。野燕麦叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量均有显著降低,MDA含量和SOD酶活性也变化明显。同时证明了3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对油菜菌核病原菌具有较好的拮抗作用。作物安全性结果表明,3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对小麦、青稞安全,对油菜、蚕豆风险高。综上所述,从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的多粘类芽孢杆菌JZ2?1?2,枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2具有作为麦田生物源除草剂开发的潜力。     

多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1防治黄瓜霜霉病的研究

通过离体叶片筛选法,得到1株对黄瓜霜霉病原菌有较强抑制作用的多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1。通过液体发酵和剂型处理,将P1制成含量2×10⁹ cfu/mL的悬浮剂分别进行室内和大田药效测试。室内药效试验结果表明,P1-SC悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果与用药浓度呈正相关。当使用浓度为1.25×10⁷ cfu/mL时,P1悬浮剂对霜霉病的防治效果与化学农药250 g/L嘧菌酯SC的相似;当使用浓度为5.0×10⁷ cfu/mL时,防治效果显著大于嘧菌酯(P≤0.05)。2017年和2018年连续两年大田药效测试结果显示,经P1-SC处理(3000 mL/hm²)的黄瓜植株霜霉病病情指数(2.53,2.48)显著低于经250 g/L嘧菌酯SC(600 mL/hm²)处理的植株(4.33、6.22),防治效果(86.16%,89.90%)显著高于后者(76.34%、74.95%)(P≤0.05)。     

小麦纹枯病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及鉴定

从河南、北京等地采集小麦植株,分离得到202株内生芽孢杆菌,平板拮抗测定获得27株对小麦纹枯病菌拮抗效果明显的菌株。温室盆栽测定了27个菌株对小麦纹枯病的生防效果,其中菌株M-1、W-2和W-3的防治效果分别为60.4%、59.4%和56.6%。对3株生防菌株进行了分类学鉴定,M-1为多粘类芽孢杆菌,W-2为地衣芽孢杆菌,W-3为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

一株饲用枯草芽孢杆菌CCAM080032固态发酵工艺的研究

为了提高一株饲用枯草芽孢杆菌CCAM 080032的芽孢产量,研究通过单因素试验及正交试验方法,确定了该枯草芽孢杆菌的最优培养基为:稻草粉:麸皮2:8、葡萄糖50 g、胰蛋白胨20 g、NH4NO3 15 g、KH2PO4 10 g、H2O 1 500 g,37℃培养48 h,芽孢产量达到7.90×1010 CFU/g。     

芽孢杆菌微生态制剂对京红1号蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌微生态制剂对京红1号蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。选择健康、体况良好的404日龄京红1号蛋鸡960只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+益倍佳(凝结芽孢杆菌),试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+赐尔健(纳豆芽孢杆菌),试验Ⅲ组饲喂添加地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌(1∶1)混合制剂的日粮,试验组微生态制剂的添加量均为300 mg/kg。试验期25 d,其中预饲期5 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率均显著提高(P<0.05),破、软蛋率均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组鸡蛋平均蛋重显著提高了2.25%(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重、哈氏单位均无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组蛋壳颜色为1~3级的鸡蛋比例明显增多,差异显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加微生态制剂赐尔健(纳豆芽孢杆菌)可显著提高京红1号产蛋率和平均蛋重,显著降低料蛋比和破、软蛋率;添加枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌(1∶1)混合制剂可使蛋壳颜色加深的鸡蛋比例显著增多。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

一株大豆内生拮抗细菌XZ-2的分离和分子鉴定

从大豆植株中分离到一株具有广谱抗菌活性的拮抗细菌,命名为XZ-2。抑菌活性测定显示XZ-2对甘薯黑斑病菌、大蒜叶枯病菌等8种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌直径均在20 mm以上。采用分光光度法绘制了XZ-2的生长曲线,结果显示该菌株在LB液体摇培12 h时基本达到对数生长期,该生长曲线的绘制为后期XZ-2的活性物质发酵条件优化奠定了基础。通过PCR扩增16Sr DNA片段并采用MEGA 6.0构建系统发育进化树,初步将该菌株鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌。     

微生物发酵制备香蕉抗性淀粉研究

研究了微生物发酵法制备香蕉抗性淀粉,通过单因素的底物浓度、pH值、发酵温度和时间预试验范围,采用均匀设计优化试验,经Uniform Design3.0进行数据处理与分析,得到高纯度抗性淀粉的最佳组合参数为:芽孢杆菌接种量为体积分数3.69%,最适发酵pH值为4.83,发酵温度为36℃,发酵时间为12h,得到的抗性淀粉纯度最高为98.5%。