Recent studies on the enterotropic strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus

Avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) is an economically important disease of chickens. Recent studies have revealed enterotropism by at least one strain of AIB virus with pathological lesions in parts of the gut. This review highlights the findings of the studies so far made on this enterotropic strain of AIB virus.     

Multiple‐Aetiology Enteric Infections Involving Non‐O157 Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia coli – FoodNet, 2001–2010

We describe multiple‐aetiology infections involving non‐O157 Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) identified through laboratory‐based surveillance in nine FoodNet sites from 2001 to 2010. A multiple‐aetiology infection (MEI) was defined as isolation of non‐O157 STEC and laboratory evidence of any of the other nine pathogens under surveillance or isolation of >1 non‐O157 STEC serogroup from the same person within a 7‐day period. We compared exposures of patients with MEI during 2001–2010 with those of patients with single‐aetiology non‐O157 STEC infections (SEI) during 2008–2009 and with those of the FoodNet population from a survey conducted during 2006–2007. In total, 1870 non‐O157 STEC infections were reported; 68 (3.6%) were MEI; 60 included pathogens other than non‐O157 STEC; and eight involved >1 serogroup of non‐O157 STEC. Of the 68 MEI, 21 (31%) were part of six outbreaks. STEC O111 was isolated in 44% of all MEI. Of patients with MEI, 50% had contact with farm animals compared with 29% (P < 0.01) of persons with SEI; this difference was driven by infections involving STEC O111. More patients with non‐outbreak‐associated MEI reported drinking well water (62%) than respondents in a population survey (19%) (P < 0.01). Drinking well water and having contact with animals may be important exposures for MEI, especially those involving STEC O111.     

吉林省黄牛“猝死症”的病因学研究

１９９４年以来，对吉林省黄牛“猝死症”的病因进行了多方面的研究，包括细菌学检验、病毒学检验、人工感染试验、毒物检验、牛毛硒元素分析及病尸病理形态学观察。结果表明，Ａ型魏氏梭菌是主要病原菌，其他细菌有协同作用；牛冠状病毒或粘膜病病毒感染、缺硒等为本病的诱因     

Clinical disorders observed in anteaters (Myrmecophagidae,Edentata) in captivity

The major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), family Myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. The most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. Parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, mainly the eggs of nematodes (40%), of which the commonest wereTrichuris spp (28%) andStrongyloides spp (11%); protozoa (16%), of which the commonest wereEimeria spp (10%),Entamoeba spp (5%) andGiardia spp (1%); and cestodes (8%) and acanthocephalids (1%). Bacteria cultured from the various materials includedSalmonella enteritidis, S. cholerasuis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp andStaphylococcus spp. The ectoparasites found wereAmblyomma spp andOtodectis spp (Arthropoda, Acaridae).     

Branch cankers on citrus trees in Spain caused by Phytophthora citrophthora

Considerable losses of citrus trees have been observed in the major citrus-growing areas of Spain. Samples were collected from 132 orchards, and isolations and pathogencity tests were conducted to determine the aetiology of a serious canker disease. Affected trees showed cankers on the scion that frequently began on the branches. Three Phytophthora species were identified based on their morphological, cultural, physiological and molecular profiles. Phytophthora citrophthora was the main species associated with this new syndrome in 114 orchards. Phytophthora nicotianae (syn. P. parasitica ) was isolated from nine orchards as the sole Phytophthora species and in coinfection with P. citrophthora from another nine orchards. Phytophthora citricola was isolated only from one orchard. In stem-inoculation studies conducted under greenhouse conditions, clementine mandarin cv. Hernandina and sweet orange cv. Navel Late were more susceptible to P. citrophthora than sour orange and Carrizo citrange rootstocks. Clementine cv. Hernandina was also highly susceptible in field inoculation experiments. In agreement with field surveys, clementine mandarin cultivars were the most affected, their rootstocks remaining healthy. Phytophthora citrophthora was found to be the predominant species in orchard soils; however, P. nicotianae was also isolated. This information changes the scenario of diseases caused by Phytophthora spp. in Spain and consequently, the present knowledge of epidemiology and the effectiveness of the current control measures should be reassessed.     

副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学及致病因子的研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis,Hps）是猪上呼吸道的一种常在菌,常引起猪的多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、脑膜炎,由该菌引起的病又称格拉泽氏病。随着世界养猪业的发展,该病已成为全球范围内影响养猪业的一种重要细菌性疾病。为了更全面的了解副猪嗜血杆菌病的研究现状,笔者对该病的病原学、流行病学、致病因子的研究进展作一综述。     

兔出血性败血症病原学特性鉴定

从疑似兔出血性败血症病死兔体内分离到15株兔多杀性巴氏杆菌,通过Carter荚膜群鉴定法和Heddleston热稳定抗原鉴定法鉴定其血清型,确定11株为血清A:1型。药敏试验结果表明,大部分菌株对磺胺六甲氧嘧啶和头孢噻呋两种药物较为敏感。     

The aetiology of spinal deformity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: influence of genetic factors on the frequency and severity in freshwater stages

A radiographic study was carried out on 2-year groups of pre-smolt parr to detect the comparative frequency of vertebral change in a range of defined pedigreed families of high growth rate of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared under identical conditions. The observed frequency of deformity was related to the observed deformity level in the seawater parental generation, and to a potentially uncontrolled environmental determinant, i.e. stripping date. High and low parental deformity groups of families were found to produce offspring that had very similar levels of radiographically detectable spinal deformities in the pre-smolt parr, suggesting no genetic link. With regard to stripping date, the overall incidence was nearly half that seen in the preceding year (8.7% cf 16.6%). However, a non-significant trend to fewer radiographic spinal deformities was seen in the later stripping period.     

副猪嗜血杆菌病研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)是猪上呼吸道的一种常见病原菌.在一定的条件下,可引起猪的格拉瑟病(Glasser's disease),常与猪流感病毒并发,引起断奶前后仔猪以多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、脑膜炎等为特征的临床症状,给养猪业带来很大的损失.为了更加全面的了解该病原菌,论文就近年来副猪嗜血杆菌病的病原学、流行病学、致病机理、...     

副猪嗜血杆菌病研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌为革兰氏阴性的条件性致病菌,常引起断奶前后仔猪以多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、呼吸困难、高热等临床特征的传染性疾病,给养猪业带来重大经济损失。文章综述了近年来副猪嗜血杆菌病的病原学,流行病学,致病机理,临床症状与病理变化,临床诊断和防治等方面的研究进展。