洼地绵羊MHC-DRB1基因PCR-RFLP多态性分析

为了探讨洼地绵羊MHC-DRB1基因的多态性,采用套式PCR扩增82只洼地绵羊的MHC-DRB1基因第2外显子,其296 bp扩增产物经Sac Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ限制性内切酶酶切后进行RFLP多态性分析.结果表明,洼地绵羊的MHC-DRB1基因外显子2在Sac Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ的酶切位点存在多态性,测序发现,这些酶切位点分别...     

天然草原青干草对农区洼地绵羊肉品质的影响

本研究旨在研究天然草原青干草对农区洼地绵羊肉品质的影响。选取4月龄洼地绵羊公羊27只,组间平均体重(20.0±0.5) kg,按随机区组原则分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复3只):试验Ⅰ组饲喂天然草原青干草,试验Ⅱ组饲喂青贮玉米秸和花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂青贮玉米秸和苜蓿,试验期105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。结果表明,肉色、大理石花纹、pH、熟肉率等指标3个试验组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),失水率试验Ⅰ组显著低于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);剪切力试验Ⅰ组显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分3个试验组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),粗灰分试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅲ组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。氨基酸总含量3个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05),鲜味氨基酸试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组。综合研究表明,与农区秸秆饲料相比,天然草原青干草可以在一定程度上提高农区洼地绵羊羊肉的食用价值和营养物质含量,同时改善了羊肉风味,可在农区推广使用天然草原青干草。     

四个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ多态性分析

为了比较和揭示洼地绵羊、杜泊羊、小尾寒羊及特克赛尔绵羊4个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因的遗传多态性,采用PCR-RFLP技术对4个绵羊品种224个样本的MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ的315 bp片段进行多态性分析;并对基因型频率和等位基因频率进行统计,运用Popgen32软件计算相应的遗传参数.结果表明,AluI-R...     

洼地白山羊血液酶与非酶蛋白质多态性研究

以简单随机抽样检测洼地白山羊血液酶和非酶蛋白质的33个基因座位。结果表明，运铁蛋白（Tf）、碱性磷酸酶（Alp）、前白蛋白3（PA－3）、血细胞酯酸D（ES－D）、肽酶（PeP-B）、淀粉酶（Amy）6个座位上呈现多态性，分别以2个共显性等位基因控制。其余在血红蛋白α链Ⅱ（Hb-α2），血红蛋白β链（Hb-β），血清白蛋白（Alb），结合珠蛋白（HP），α2球蛋白（α2），酯酶（ES），钢蓝蛋白（CP），亮氨酸肽酶（LAP），腺苷酸激酶（AK），谷草转氨酸（GOT），酯酶1（CE-1），酯酶2（CE－2），前白蛋白1、2（PA－1，PA－2），6磷酸葡萄脱氢酶（6PGD），磷酸己糖异构酶（PHI），苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH），心肌黄酶（Dia），酸性磷酸酶（ACP），四唑氧化酶（TO），乳糖脱所酶A、B（LDH－A、LDH－B）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（PGM），异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）、葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD），乙二醛酶（GO－I）27个基因座位无多态现象。进一步分析表明，该品种遗传变异程度较小。     

Endemics and endangered species in the biodiversity hotspot of the Shada Mountains,Saudi Arabia

Shada Mountains in Saudi Arabia, separated by Maleel Wadi into twin mountains(i.e., Shada Alalah and Shada Asfal), are rich in biodiversity. We investigated the diversity of endemics and endangered species of the mountains based on the data collected from 38 stands falling in 8 elevational zones ranging from 500 to 2215 m a.s.l. Results indicated that 495 plant species falling in 314 genera and 76 families occurred in the Shada Mountains, including 19 endemic species and 43 endangered species, and accounting for 22% of the total flora in Saudi Arabia. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that physiographic features, particularly altitude play an important role in the frequency and abundance of species. Endemics were not evenly distributed in the Shada Mountains and mostly restricted in the elevation zone of 1000–1500 or 1500 m a.s.l. When the altitude reached up to 2000 m a.s.l., the endemics decreased substantially due to the significantly low temperature. The endangered species existed three different distribution patterns:(i) most endangered species distributed in the altitudes of 1000–1800 m a.s.l.;(ii) endangered trees, lianas, and shrubs occupied the altitudes 1000–1300 m a.s.l.; and(iii) endangered subshrubs and herbs inhabited the altitudes 1500–2100 m a.s.l. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity of endangered species in the Shada Mountains is high and undisturbed by invasive species, and protective measures should be taken against human disturbances to the small-scale hotspot.     

Dynamics of groundwater recharge near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream under wet and normal climate conditions

In arid and semi-arid stream-dominated systems, the temporal variability in groundwater recharge has not been widely addressed. Various questions remain about the sources of groundwater recharge, its patterns, and the appropriate measuring techniques. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the changes that might affect the pattern of groundwater recharge under wetter than normal surface water availability. Therefore, the groundwater depth was monitored near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream on the piedmont of the High Atlas Mountains in the mountain catchment of the Wadi Rheraya over two hydrological years (2014-2016) with different climate conditions: extreme wet and normal conditions. Groundwater recharge was assessed using the episodic master recession algorithm. During the two years, the pattern of groundwater recharge was dominated by episodic events and by a high seasonality from wet seasons to dry seasons. In the wet year (2014-2015), the highest groundwater recharge was recorded following an extreme flood, which deeply replenished groundwater. Furthermore, an exceptional steady state of the groundwater depth was induced by a steady groundwater recharge rate. For several groundwater recharge events, the assessed recharge had multiple sources, mainly from streamflow at the local scale, but possibly from precipitation, underflow, deep percolation or irrigation return from the upstream part of the catchment. Local recharge by streamflow was likely to be short-lived, and lateral recharge was likely to last longer. Consequently, the episodic master recession algorithm estimated the total groundwater recharge that could encompass various sources. In the future, more studies and multidisciplinary approaches should be carried out to partition these sources and determine their specific contributions. In semi-arid stream-dominated systems, different groundwater recharge patterns induced by extreme hydrological events (e.g., wet events) and various potential sources of groundwater recharge should be considered when assessing and predicting groundwater recharge.     

我国蒙古羊系统主要地方绵羊品种遗传分化的研究

应用中心产区典型群简单随机抽样的方法,检测控制湖羊、同羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊和洼地羊的血液酶和其他蛋白质变异的5个结构基因座位(Tf、X-p、Ary-Es、Hb-β、Ke)上的遗传变异,引用国内外学者以相同实验方法获得的其他分布于我国周边国家和地区的11个绵羊品种作为分析背景,对16个群体进行遗传距离分析及亲缘关系聚类。结果表明:中亚以东南绵羊群体可以划分为蒙古羊、藏羊和南亚-东南亚羊三大集团,湖羊、同羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊和洼地羊均属于"蒙古羊"系统。     

利比亚WadiBay地区地下水水化学特征及成因分析

[目的]分析利比亚Wadi Bay干谷地区地下水水化学特征的形成原因,为地下水资源合理开发利用以及地下水环境保护提供科学依据。[方法]以利比亚Wadi Bay干谷地区为例,运用Piper三线图示法、描述性统计、离子比例系数法、同位素证据,系统研究了利比亚Wadi Bay地区干旱气候条件下浅层地下水特殊的水化学特征。[结果]区域地下水含盐量很高,矿化度(TDS)在3.2～8.4 g/L,地下水类型主要为Cl.SO4-Na.Ca,其次为Cl.SO4-Na.Ca.Mg;地下水中Cl-、Na+、SO42-等在距海70 km处浓度产生突变,而Mn2+、Ba2+、Si2+、NH4+与NO3-并无同样突变现象。[结论]利比亚Wadi Bay干谷地区浅层地下水水化学特征与溶虑作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及人类活动关系不大,主要成因为海水入侵过程中的咸、淡水混合作用。     

洼地绵羊与四个羊种分子遗传标记的比较研究

采用RAPD技术，利用混合基因池(DNA pool)法，对洼地绵羊、小尾采羊、大尾寒羊、滩羊和鲁北白山羊进行了遗洚相关分析。其中洼地绵羊与大尾寒羊间的遗传距离为0．0560，与小尾寒羊的遗传距离为00678，与滩羊的遗传距离为0.1266，而与鲁北白山羊的遗传距离为0．3607。可以认为洼地绵羊、小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、滩羊有共同的原始祖先，均是由蒙古羊在不同的生态条件下，经过长时期的自然选择和人工选择而形成的地方优良品种。根据遗传距离做出了它们之间的聚类图。同时在分析过程中发现，洼地绵羊、小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊和鲁北白山羊均出现了具有品种特征的特异性条带。可以作为各自的分子标记来进行品种鉴定。     

洼地绵羊FecB基因多态性与其产羔数关系的研究

为了从分子水平上研究洼地绵羊的多羔机制,本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法分析洼地绵羊中FecB基因多态性及其与产羔数的关系。结果表明,洼地绵羊中存在与Booroola羊相同的FecB基因突变,有B/B、B/+、+/+ 3种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.29、0.56和0.15;且4乳头个体FecB基因频率高于2乳头个体;3种基因型的平均产羔数分别为2.81±0.42、2.49±0.53和1.96±0.28只。经统计分析,B/B与B/+基因型洼地绵羊的产羔数显著高于+/+基因型(P＜0.05),B/B与B/+基因型之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),而+/+基因型个体也存在多羔现象。结果提示,FecB基因可能是洼地绵羊多羔性能主效基因之一,但洼地绵羊可能还存在其它影响多羔性能的基因。