芜菁花叶病毒提纯技术的研究

将繁殖于大白菜上的病叶榨汁,结合聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀及差速离心技术,拟定三种提纯程序,所得芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)粗提纯物,可侵染芜菁、萝卜和大白菜,并在苋色藜和普通烟黄茵榆上产生局部枯斑。测定提纯物表现出典型的核蛋白紫外吸收光谱,在电镜观察下,其丝状病毒粒子形态清晰且排列疏松均匀、病毒粒子长度集中分布在730nm、宽12～13nm。用水醋酸分解、可获得本病毒的提纯的衣壳蛋白,它具有典型蛋白质紫外吸收光谱,上述三种提纯程序中,以第三种程序最佳。初步认为,若设备不足情况下省用蔗糖密度梯度离心步骤,仅用第三种提纯程序,亦可获得较好提纯效果。     

Changes in the glucosinolate content of oilseed rape plants following infection with turnip mosaic virus

Low and high glucosinolate cultivars of oilseed rape were analysed for variation in both individual and total glucosinolate content up to 27 days after inoculation with turnip mosaic virus. Both infected and control plants of the two cultivars differed in the concentration of aliphatic, aromatic and indole glucosinolates. The biggest differences in glucosinolate content between the cultivars were found in the aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolate groups. Infected plants of the high glucosinolate cultivar, Solida, possessed lower amounts of glucosinolates, than did healthy control plants. Similar results were obtained with a low glucosinolate cultivar, S1. No significant difference was found between the two cultivars in resistance to turnip mosaic virus, using qualitative and quantitative ELISA to determine virus content in their tissues.     

合抱类型大白菜抗TuMV材料的选育

试验选用对ＴｕＭＶ具有不同抗性的８个大白菜高代自交系,配制了“抗×抗”和“抗×感”的４个合抱类型的杂交组合,采用单交法和系谱定向选择,结合苗期人工接种鉴定和田间自然诱发鉴定的抗性筛选技术,筛选出２６份合抱类高抗ＴｕＭＶ新材料 【英文摘要】 Four combinations of heading Chinese cabbage inbred lines resistant or susceptible to TuMV were made to screen resistance to TuMV and typical ovate head type which has leaf tip closing on the top,but not overlapping. By pedigree method,induiduals from each segregation generation were identified for resistance and head type. After four generations,26 inbred lines with resistance and ideal headtype were obtained.      

Identification and mapping of a novel Turnip mosaic virus resistance gene TuRBCS01 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

We aimed to identify Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance genes in Chinese cabbage by analysing the TuMV resistance of 43 P₁ (resistant), 88 P₂ (susceptible), 26 F₁, 104 B₁ (F₁ × P₁), 108 B₂ (F₁ × P₂) and 509 F₂ individuals. All parents and progeny populations were mechanically inoculated with TuMV‐C4. Both F₁ and B₁ populations showed TuMV resistance. Resistant: susceptible ratios in the B₂ and F₂ populations were 1 : 1 and 3 : 1, respectively. TuMV resistance in P₁ was controlled by a dominant gene, TuRBCS01. Bulked segregation analysis was performed to identify simple sequence repeat or insertion or deletion markers linked to TuRBCS01. Data from 108 B₂ individuals with resistant or susceptible phenotypes were analysed using mapmake r/exp 3.0. Polymorphic marker sequences were blast searched on http://brassicadb.org/brad/ . TuRBCS01 was found to be linked to eight markers: SAAS_mDN192117a_159 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mDN192117b_196 (4.0 cM), SAAS_mDN192403_148 (13.0 cM), SAAS_mGT084561_233 (6.8 cM), BrID10723 (3.3 cM), mBr4041 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mBr4055_194 (2.6 cM) and mBr4068 (4.0 cM). Further, TuRBCS01 was mapped to a 1.98‐Mb region on chromosome A04 between markers BrID10723 and SAAS_mBr4055_194.     

小白菜花叶病病株空间分布类型分析

利用1985年秋至1986年冬五次田间实验数据,以病样方率、每样方平均病株数、扩散系数和聚块性指标等参数分析了小白菜花叶病病株田间分布类型。结果表明,小白菜花叶病病株在田间为随机分布或均匀分布,不产生聚集现象,无明显的发病中心和由此所产生的扩展梯度     

大白菜抗TuMV-C_4的QTL分析

采用高抗芜菁花叶病毒C4株系(TuMV-C4)的大白菜高代自交系A52-2为父本、感病自交系高IV-5为母本杂交后获得的F2代263个单株作为作图群体,利用SRAP分子标记技术进行遗传分析,构建了1张包含10个连锁群,由152个 SRAP标记组成的大白菜分子遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖长度为1066.3cM,平均图距7.06cM。利用Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0软件和复合区间作图法进行分析,共检测到5个与抗TuMV-C4株系相关的QTLs。     

芜菁花叶病毒对油菜的侵染性和在体内的分布运转规律

芜菁花叶病毒在油菜不同生育阶段的侵染性有很大差异,以苗期最易被侵染,而成株期抗侵染能力很强。随着植株生育进程,病毒含量由低到高,并分布于各器官。病毒的增殖和运转与植株体内营养物质的积累和运输密切相关。病毒在植株体内的垂直分布情况,随着植株的生长发育,病毒有由下向上输送的趋势。根据病毒的侵染、增殖和运转规律,对防治工作有一定指导意义。     

大白菜TuMV抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

以大白菜抗TuMV品种BP8407的高代自交系和感TuMV品种极早春的高代自交系,抗TuMV品种二青的高代自交系和感TuMV品种春大将的高代自交系配制两个F2群体。以F2群体人工摩擦接种TuMV-C4后的ELISA鉴定的P/N值为抗性鉴定指标,应用P1、P2、F1、F2 4个世代的数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传分析方法,分析了大白菜TuMV抗性的遗传规律。结果表明：大白菜TuMV的抗性由2对主效基因控制,遗传模型分别为E-1、E-0,主基因遗传率分别为86.51%、77.64%。因此,大白菜对TuMV-C4抗性符合2对主基因+多基因的遗传模式,抗性遗传以主基因为主。     

大白菜中保护酶活性及H2O2含量变化与TuMV抗性关系的研究

选取抗TuMV的8407、河304和感TuMV的冠291和春月黄为试验材料,于苗期接种TuMV-C4,接种后测定24 d内叶片中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）这3种过氧化氢代谢相关酶的活性以及过氧化氢H2 O2的含量。结果表明：接种TuMV后, POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量的变化在不同材料之间存在明显差异。抗病材料在接种后,POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量虽有变化,但均能逐渐恢复正常;感病材料在接种后,POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量均有较大变化,且始终无法恢复正常。总体而言,叶片中的H2 O2和CAT与大白菜的TuMV抗性关系较为紧密,其次是POD,而SOD与TuMV抗性的关系不大。