Feeding‐deterrent activity of α‐asarone isomers against some stored Coleoptera

All isomers of α‐asarone [(E)‐4‐prop‐1‐enyl‐1,2,5‐trimethoxybenzene] were tested for their feeding deterrent activity against adults of Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum and larvae of Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium confusum. (E)‐2‐prop‐1‐enyl‐1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene exhibited the strongest deterrent activity against all the species tested. The total coefficients of deterrency for this compound were 140.6 and 169.7 for Tribolium confusum adults and larvae, respectively, and 144.9 and 104.6 for larvae of Trogoderma granarium and adults of Sitophilus granarius, respectively. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Time-mortality relationships of larvae and adults of grain beetles exposed to extreme cold

Mortality effects of low temperature exposure to −16 °C were investigated on larvae and adults of the grain beetles Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), in the laboratory. The main effects and interactions of exposure time (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h), developmental stage (larva and adult) and individual’s age (young and old) were examined. After 4 h of exposure 100% mortality has been achieved in most of the treatments. The only exceptions were that of old larvae of T. granarium and O. surinamensis, and adults of T. granarium which needed 48, 8, and 24 h, respectively. T. granarium was the most cold-hardy species irrespective of developmental stage, and age, followed in decreasing order by O. surinamensis and T. confusum. Younger adults were generally more susceptible to cold in the cases of O. surinamensis and T. confusum. On the contrary, older adults of T. granarium suffered higher mortality than younger ones. Larvae of T. granarium were generally more cold-tolerant than adults but the opposite pattern was observed in O. surinamensis and T. confusum. Main effects of exposure time, developmental stage and individual’s age on mortality proved to be significant for all species, with the exception of T. granarium where the effect of developmental stage proved to be insignificant. Lethal time values were estimated via probit analysis. Values of LT₅₀ ranged between 0.7 and 1.0 h for T. confusum, 0.7-1.9 h for O. surinamensis and 1.2-3.4 h for T. granarium. Our results are discussed with findings from relevant studies and the possibility of including extreme cooling to IPM programs against stored product pests is investigated.     

花斑皮蠹生物学研究及幼虫密度对化蛹的影响

为搞清楚花斑皮蠹的生物学特性和幼虫密度与化蛹的关系,对花斑皮蠹采用室内 饲养和系 统观察。结果表明,（1）在相对湿度为（75±3）%,温度为35℃、32.8℃、27.8℃、2 2.8℃、17.8℃的 条件下,花斑皮蠹的蛹期分别为（3.97±0.91） 、（4.07±0.88）、（5.13±0.89）、 （9.41±1.49）、（18. 8±4.3）d,成虫产卵前期分别为（2.14±0.69）、（2.25±0.59）、（2.43±0.92）、 （4.53±2.34） 、 （ 17.23 ±5.65）d,卵期分别为（5.59±0.49）、（5.9±0.97） 、（8.85±1.04）、 （13.79±1.0） 、（28.6 ± 0.26 ） d,蛹平均羽化率为（98.7±0.4）%,每雌虫平均产卵量为（53.6±5.8）粒, 卵平均孵化率为 （82.8±3.7）%;（2）羽化后的成虫取食蜂蜜后其寿命相应延长,未交尾的雌虫寿命长 于雄虫,而交 尾后则相反;（3）虫口密度越大末龄幼虫化蛹历期越长;（4）雌雄性比为1.0∶1.1。     

谷斑皮蠹与黑斑皮蠹的分子鉴定

本文首次报道了可用于谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium)和黑斑皮蠹(Trogoderma glabrum)种间鉴定的线粒体CO Ⅰ基因部分标记序列(883bp),两条序列在GenBank数据库的登录号分别为FJ589736和FJ589737.     

斑皮蠹属害虫鉴别方法研究进展

传统的形态学鉴别经济、直观,但因斑皮蠹个体小且近缘种之间形态高度相似的特点,形态学鉴别已经不能很好地满足斑皮蠹害虫的鉴定要求。随着现代分子生物学的发展,斑皮蠹的鉴别方法更加丰富,鉴别结果也更准确高效。本文主要就斑皮蠹的形态学、分子生物学、酶联免疫法和行为学等鉴别手段进行了综述。     

溴甲烷和磷化氢混用对花斑皮蠹幼虫的室内毒力测定

在温度为25℃,相对湿度75%条件下,研究了溴甲烷与磷化氢以100∶1、100∶2、100∶5、100∶10的比例熏蒸防治花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile)3～4龄幼虫各5 h,结果表明:溴甲烷及4种比例混用的LD50分别为8.43、6.71、6.42、5.89 g.m-3和3.86 g.m-3,4种比例混用均能使溴甲烷增效,但以100∶5的比例使用最好。     

谷斑皮蠹在云南适生性初步研究

本文报道了在瑞丽、畹町、昆明的仓储条件下用小麦、绿豆、花生饲养谷斑皮蠹,观察其生长繁殖,把仓储与气象的温湿度对照分析得出:当仓温连续5-6个月在25℃时有利该虫繁殖生存;仓温连续5个月在21.8-23℃时该虫可生存很长一段时间但有时可化蛹完成一世代,有时仅脱皮不化蛹完不成一世代.三种饲料中繁殖倍数为小麦>绿豆>花生.笔者认为:探讨该虫在一地区能否生存和为害,除仓储温湿度外尚需考虑天敌、虫种间竞争关系诸问题.     

辐照对谷物和豆类中谷斑皮蠹的影响

有效的检疫剂量应能使F1代没有繁殖能力,或阻止未成熟虫态的害虫发育为成虫.按照FAO推荐的辐照检疫研究方法,在文献检索的基础上,对谷斑皮蠹不同虫态的辐照敏感性进行了研究,得出48 Gy的辐照可以阻止卵的孵化,60Gy辐照幼龄幼虫、100Gy辐照老龄幼虫和滞育幼虫可以阻止其发育成蛹,200Gy的辐照可以阻止蛹和成虫繁殖下一代.结果表明,蛹和成虫为较抗辐照的虫态,200Gy可以作为辐照检疫剂量.在进行了辐照谷斑皮蠹的大量验证试验,分析了200Gy辐照处理对小麦、豆类感官和加工品质的影响后,认为200Gy可以作为谷物和豆类中谷斑皮蠹的有效检疫剂量.     

谷斑皮蠹与黑斑皮蠹的分子鉴定

本文首次报道了可用于谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium)和黑斑皮蠹(Trogoderma glabrum)种间鉴定的线粒体CO Ⅰ基因部分标记序列(883bp),两条序列在GenBank数据库的登录号分别为FJ589736和FJ589737.     

花斑皮蠹发育起点温度和有效积温研究

在不同的温度下,分别观察和测定了花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabileBallion)各虫态的发育历期、发育起点温度及有效积温。结果表明,在17.8~35℃温度范围内,花斑皮蠹均能完成发育,其发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为14.5、15.9、14.6和13.6℃,有效积温分别为113.25、513.43、71.29和43.67d.℃;整个世代的发育起点温度为15.5℃,有效积温为716.76 d.℃,持续高温(37.8℃)不适合其生长发育。