磷化铝间歇熏蒸防治鱼粉螨类的研究

本研究介绍了饲料鱼粉螨类的有效防治方法．采用11．5g／m2的磷化铝片剂，分两次间歇熏蒸大量孳生螨类和昆虫的棉纱布袋和编织袋包装的鱼粉，达到了有效杀灭鱼粉中大量孳生的粉尘螨、跗蠊螨、齿蠊螨、河野脂螨、食根嗜木螨、马六甲肉食螨、转开肉食螨、特氏肉食螨等8种螨类和烟草甲、白腹皮蠹、拟白腹皮蠹、赤颈郭公虫、赤足郭公虫、黑菌虫的效果。     

Resistance to bifenthrin and resistance mechanisms of different strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) from Turkey

Nine different strains of the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were collected on cotton from Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Manisa and Urfa in Turkey. Their responses to bifenthrin were investigated using conventional bioassay and biochemical assays. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of bifenthrin were determined for all strains by using a residual bioassay with a petri dish-spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by comparing the samples with a standard susceptible strain, GSS. The resistance ratios of the strains ranged from <1 to 669-fold (at LC₅₀). Of the investigated field strains, only three (two from Adana and one from Urfa) were resistant to bifenthrin. There was a correlation between esterase enzyme activity and bifenthrin resistance according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microtiter plate assays in the three resistant strains. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 17, 2005.     

越冬橘园蜘蛛群落多样性研究

通过系统调查,湖南省邵阳市越冬橘园蜘蛛群落共有12科22属28种,其中斑管巢蛛(Clubionareichlini)和美丽蚁蛛(Myrmarachaefarmicaria)为优势种。异质性大的越冬橘园蜘蛛群落的多样性指数、丰富度和个体总数均大于异质性小的越冬橘园,越冬橘园蜘蛛群落的多样性指数大小主要由群落物种丰富度和个体总数决定,与均匀度大小无关。     

海南省儋州市两院地区茶树蜘蛛种类调查

[目的]为茶园生态防治做基础性调查。[方法]采用形态对比法,对海南省儋州热作两院地区茶园蜘蛛种类进行调查。[结果]经初步鉴定,明确有蜘蛛共42种,分别属于12科30属,其中5种鉴定到属,另有4种只鉴定到科,未列入其中。[结论]该次调查仅做种类鉴定,但鉴于蜘蛛在生态防治上的重要性,有必要做进一步的调查。     

便携式柑橘虫害实时检测系统的研制与试验

为实现柑橘虫害的快速、准确识别,帮助果农及时掌握果园内虫害的危害程度和分布情况,该研究结合嵌入式图像处理技术设计了一套基于深度卷积神经网络的柑橘虫害实时检测系统。优选MoblieNet作为虫害图像特征提取网络,区域候选网络生成害虫的初步位置候选框,快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks,Faster R-CNN)实现候选框的分类和定位。检测系统根据目标图像中虫害数量计算危害程度,按照正常、轻度、中度、重度4个等级判定柑橘虫害的严重程度,形成虫害识别与级别定量化测评软件。最后引入北斗模块获取采样点位置信息,进一步处理成可视化的虫害热力图。结果表明,该方法可实现对柑橘红蜘蛛和蚜虫的快速准确检测,识别准确率分别达到91.0%和89.0%,单帧图像平均处理速度低至286ms。该系统实现了柑橘虫害的精准识别与定位,可为农药喷洒作业提供精准信息服务。     

基于K-means聚类的柑橘红蜘蛛图像目标识别

为快速检测红蜘蛛虫害,该研究采用基于Lab颜色模型中a(红/绿)、b(黄/蓝)层信息的K-means聚类法识别彩色图像中的红蜘蛛。试验选取8幅具有不同清晰度的柑橘红蜘蛛图像,采用基于Sobel边缘检测算子的评价函数计算图像清晰度评价值以评价图像清晰度,对比采用灰度法和包含2、3、4或5个聚类中心的K-means聚类法的目标识别效果和识别效率。结果表明,灰度法对8幅图像中红蜘蛛目标识别率平均值为29%,误判率平均值为201%,无法应用于复杂背景图像中的红蜘蛛目标识别。包含5个聚类中心的K-means聚类法对清晰度较高的图像识别率为100%,误判率为0,对清晰度较低的图像识别率为88%,误判率为0;当图像尺寸较小时,包含4个聚类中心的K-means聚类法识别效率与灰度法相当;当图像尺寸较大时,重复计算聚类中心导致识别耗时较长;基于Lab颜色空间的识别算法无法有效识别其他颜色的红蜘蛛,继续研究的方向为引入红蜘蛛形态信息以提高识别准确率和优化聚类中心的选取以降低识别耗时。     

Effects of different natural or prepared diets on growth and survival of juvenile spider crabs, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Maja brachydactyla</Emphasis> (Balss, 1922)

The effects of different diets (natural or pellets) on growth, survival, and moulting interval of juvenile spider crabs, weighing between 0.011–1.56 g and up to 17.6 mm in carapace length, were tested over a period of 90 days. During experiment I, five diets were tested: (1) frozen shrimp—Paleomonetes sp., (2) fresh mussels—Mytilus sp., (3) white fish fillets—Merlucius merlucius, (4) blue fish fillets—Sardina pilchardus, and (5) commercial crustacean pellets. Spider crabs fed fresh mussels grew larger (0.98 ± 0.69 g) and had higher growth rates (4.0 ± 0.7 %BWd⁻¹) compared to the other four diets. The crabs fed shrimp pellet and frozen shrimp grew to intermediate sizes and were smaller than the ones fed fresh mussels, but they were larger than spider crabs fed either blue or white fish fillets (0.46 ± 0.63 and 0.26 ± 0.13 g, respectively) compared to the ones fed white fish fillets (0.12 ± 0.04) and blue fish fillets (0.04 ± 0.02 g). The spider crabs fed blue fish fillets only lasted until day 60 of the experiment, after this day none of the 20 fed this diet were left. During experiment II, two diets were tested: (1) white and blue fish fillets and (2) commercial fish pellet. There were no differences in growth both in weight or carapace length (2.9 ± 1.8 and 2.1 ± 1.5 g in weight, and 18.9 ± 5.0 and 17.7 ± 3.3 mm, respectively) at the end of the experiment. Similarly, there were no differences in growth rates in weight between the two diets (1.2 ± 0.4 and 0.9 ± 0.3 %BWd⁻¹, respectively) or in carapace length (0.4 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.2 %BWd⁻¹, respectively). Fresh mussel appears to be a very good diet to culture the early stages of this species, while shrimp pellets also deliver acceptable results. On the contrary, frozen shrimp, fish fillets either from blue or white species (much higher lipid content in the blue species), and fish pellets were found to be bad diets for the culture of the early stages of M. brachydactyla.     

Spatial patterns of the Citrus leprosis virus and its associated mite vector in systems without intervention

Leprosis is caused by the Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type and is vectored by the mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Miticide applications, which cost $54 million annually, are based on inspection for the presence of mites. The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial patterns of B. yothersi-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms for further improvement in sampling and disease control. The presence of mites and the occurrence of leprosis were assessed over two years in 1160 Valencia trees and 720 Natal trees in a commercial sweet orange grove in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To assess the natural growth and dispersal of mites and leprosis, mite populations were not controlled during the experimental period. Maps of mite-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms were analysed at three different levels of spatial hierarchy using complementary methods, i.e. among adjacent trees within and across rows, within quadrats, and the strength and orientation of aggregation among quadrats. The study showed that the spatial patterns of virus-infected and mite-infested trees were different, with a strong aggregation pattern of trees with leprosis symptoms that increased over time. Conversely, the spatial pattern of B. yothersi showed randomness or weak aggregation at all three spatial hierarchical levels. Disease incidence increased steadily in plots of both cultivars, unlike in mite-infested trees where incidence fluctuated over time. These results have important implications for the development of better management strategies for leprosis. Sampling methods and action thresholds for mite control should consider primary disease inoculum in addition to the incidence of mites.     

钢板仓储粮害虫陷阱诱捕技术研究

采用ＧＪ８９型良虫陷阱检测器对钢板仓害虫物种分布组成及主要害虫书虱和螨类在不同储藏期各部位的分布进行了调查研究。结果表明：３～４月仓库昆虫物种组成简单,为书虱和长角谷盗两种,分别占捕获总虫量的９９．５％及０．５％;８月份仓库昆虫７种,主要种类是书虱和螨类,分别占捕儿总量的６１．９％和３８％,次要害虫种类有赤拟谷盗、长角谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹及花斑皮蠹。不同储藏期、不同粮层、不同方向害虫分布存在差异。调