甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂ZJ 0712对黄瓜白粉病和霜霉病的毒力及药效评价

ZJ 0712,2- -3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯,是我国自行创制的高效广谱杀菌剂。为评价该药剂10%SC对黄瓜白粉病和霜霉病的使用效果,进行了室内和田间药效评价。经室内检测,该药剂对白粉病菌Sphaerotheca fuliginea的EC50和EC90值分别为1.79和 5.47 μg/mL,对霜霉病菌Pseudoperonospora cubensis的EC50和EC90值分别为0.34和 45.15 μg/mL。 田间试验结果表明,该药剂对白粉病在10 ~20 g/hm2、对霜霉病在37.5 ~150 g/hm2剂量下防效分别为85.79% ~91.33%和86.70% ~90.18%。该药剂在本试验剂量范围内对作物安全。     

设施草莓白粉病发生规律及综合防治技术

白粉病是设施草莓主要病害之一,特别是当前生产上主栽品种红颜、丰香、章姬等发病较重,严重影响草莓品质及产量。介绍了草莓白粉病的发病特点、发病高峰期及危害症状,并从农业防治、化学防治、熏蒸防治等方面总结了草莓白粉病的防治方法,以期为更好地防治草莓白粉病提供参考。     

Effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus

Two cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) cultivars differing in their resistance to powdery mildew, Ningfeng No. 3 (susceptible) and Jinchun No. 4 (resistant), were used to study the effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on resistance to infection by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ) and the production of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The results indicated that inoculation with P. xanthii significantly suppressed subsequent infection by powdery mildew compared with noninoculation, regardless of Si application. Root-applied Si significantly suppressed powdery mildew, the disease index being lower in Si-supplied than in Si-deprived plants, regardless of inoculation treatment. The resistant cultivar had a more constant lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar, irrespective of inoculation or Si treatment. Moreover, with root-applied Si, activities of PRs (for example peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase) were significantly enhanced in inoculated lower leaves or noninoculated upper leaves in inoculated plants of both cultivars. Root-applied Si significantly decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in inoculated leaves, but increased it in noninoculated upper leaves. However, Si treatment failed to change significantly the activity of PRs in plants without fungal attack. Compared to the control (no Si), foliar-applied Si had no effects either on the suppression of subsequent infection by P. xanthii or on the activity of PRs, irrespective of inoculation. Based on the findings in this study and previous reports, it was concluded that foliar-applied Si can effectively control infections by P. xanthii only via the physical barrier of Si deposited on leaf surfaces, and/or osmotic effect of the silicate applied, but cannot enhance systemic acquired resistance induced by inoculation, while continuously root-applied Si can enhance defence resistance in response to infection by P. xanthii in cucumber.     

新化合物A04034、A04008对黄瓜白粉病的室内杀菌活性和田间药效研究

A04034、A04008和苯氧菌酯、嘧菌酯和肟菌酯等甲氧丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在盆栽试验中对黄瓜白粉病均表现出优异的保护和治疗活性。其中A04034表现出尤为卓越的杀菌活性,其对黄瓜白粉病的保护作用EC50、EC90为0.98μg/mL、3.12μg/mL,治疗作用EC50、EC90为1.17μg/mL、5.22μg/mL,其保护活性和治疗活性在5种药剂中均为最佳。田间药效试验中,10?4034悬浮剂用5、10、20g.a.i/hm2的剂量第3次施药后7d的防效分别为82.7%、89.3%、91.7%;25%嘧菌酯乳油(阿米西达)10g.a.i/hm2的防效为84.0%;10?4008悬浮剂用5、10、20g.a.i/hm2第3次施药后7d的防效分别为73.2%、86.4%、86.5%。10?4034和10?4008悬浮剂用10g.a.i/hm2的防效均略高于25%嘧菌酯乳油(阿米西达)10g.a.i/hm2的防效,防效无显著差异。     

Biological control of cucumber powdery mildew with Tilletiopsis minor under greenhouse conditions

In growth cabinet and greenhouse experiments the efficacy ofTilletiopsis minor in controlling cucumber powdery mildew decreased as humidity was lowered. This effect could be counteracted by formulation of the mycoparasite with lipophilic substances, like Hora Oleo 11E and lipids from milk. These formulations, without the mycoparasite, were also found to be deleterious to powdery mildew development. In the long run, however, formulations withT. minor gave better biological control of cucumber powdery mildew than formulations alone.     

三羟鹅膏毒肽的反相高效液相色谱分离纯化

用反相高效液相色谱法,以0.02mol醋酸铵-乙腈为流动相和梯度洗脱模式,从灰花纹鹅膏菌中分离纯化出三羟鹅膏毒肽(amanin),产品纯度达96%以上,三羟鹅膏毒肽的分子量为903.3.     

Screening of melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm for multiple disease resistance

Summary Melon germplasm was screened for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) resistance under artificial conditions except downy mildew for which screening was done under natural epiphytotic conditions. High level resistance to all the four diseases was not recorded in any of the collections tested. Nevertheless, ertheless, resistance to three diseases was located in three germplasm. Wild Cucumis species C. figarei exhibited absolute resistance to CGMMV and Fusarium wilt and high level resistance to downy mildew. Phoot or snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) — a non-dessert from of Indian origin—was highly resistant to downy mildew and resistant to CGMMV and medium resistant to Fusarium wilt. Iroquois was resistant to powdery mildew and medium resistant to downy mildew and CGMMV.     

灰花纹鹅膏菌及其生态习性

灰花纹鹅膏菌Amanita fuliginea Hongo的分类地位和生态习性国内一直没有详细报道.用形态解剖、HPLC和种群生态学研究方法对其研究表明日本学者Hongo对该菌的分类是正确的；它的毒素含量与欧洲的主要种毒鹅膏菌Amanita phalloides(Fr.∶Fr.)Link毒素含量相当，甚至更高.湘东湘南丘陵针栎混交林非常适宜该菌生长发育与演化.     

地锦提取液防治黄瓜白粉病效果及其抑菌物质的初步研究

测试了地锦提取液对黄瓜白粉病菌的抑制活性,并对地锦抑菌活性物质进行了初步的分离纯化。结果表明：地锦粗提液对苗期黄瓜白粉病有明显的预防效果,且防效随着粗提液浓度的增大而增加,浓度为30mg·mL^-1时,防效达到了67．45％;地锦中的抑菌生物活性物质为强水溶性,不易溶于石油醚、乙酸乙脂、正丁醇等有机溶剂;通过碱沉淀可以把大部分杂质从水相萃取物中沉淀下来,得到含有生物活性成分更高的上清溶液;LC—MS分析结果显示上清液中含有3种物质,推测它们的分子量分别为506、202和275。     

氟吡菌酰胺防治瓜类及草莓白粉病田间试验

为了筛选高效、安全的白粉病化学防治药剂,通过田间药效试验进行药剂筛选。试验结果表明,分别在药后7天和14天,氟吡菌酰胺防治甜瓜上白粉病的效果最高,防效均在95%以上。与之相比较,防治黄瓜上白粉病和草莓上的白粉病效果稍低,其防效也在90%以上。研究表明,氟吡菌酰胺防治白粉病效果良好、持效期长,是防治黄瓜、甜瓜、草莓白粉病的一种新型良好杀菌剂。