检疫性害虫美柏肤小蠹的形态特征及危害

美柏肤小蠹(Phloeosinus cupressi Hopkins,1903)分布在加拿大、美国、巴拿马、澳大利亚、新西兰,中国无分布记录.对美柏肤小蠹的分类地位、形态特征、分布、寄主、危害、与近似种的区别、饲养方法、检疫方法、生物学特性等进行了介绍,以引起相关部门的重视,防止该虫传入中国.     

柏牡蛎蚧在杨梅上的发生和防治技术研究

对柏牡蛎蚧形态与生物学特性进行了系统研究。该蚧主要寄生在杨梅的叶片和一、二年生枝条上。在江苏太湖地区一年发生两代，以受精雌成蚧越冬，越冬代雌成蚧的平均产卵量为９３．２１粒，第一代雌成蚧的均卵量少于越冬代雌成蚧，为６０．２２粒，其发育适温为２０－２６℃，当平均气温高２７℃，相对湿度低于８０％时不利于其卵与若虫的生长发育。采用农业防治与化学防治相结合，在第一代一龄若虫期使用机油乳剂或扑虱灵防效较好。优     

柏牡蛎蚧的研究

柏牡蛎蚧(Lepidosaphes cupressi borchsenius)是危害杨梅[Myrica rubra(Lour.) Sieb. et Zucc]的重要害虫,在浙江省余姚市1年发生2代,以受精的雌成虫在杨梅小枝条、叶片上越冬。化学防治以若虫盛孵初期喷雾和杨梅采摘后在树干基部打孔注入氧化乐果和甲胺磷农药,效果较好。     

Status of cypress aphid on Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera in protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia

In Ethiopia,Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus procera are important tree species.The incidence of the cypress aphid,Cinara cupressi,which has not been reported before on the exotic Cupressus lusitanica is becoming catastrophic.The appearance of the insect was reported for the first time in 2003 in Ethiopia.However,information is scarce on the status of this species in northeast Amhara state.The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of damage,abundance and status of the cypress aphid on C.lusitanica and J.procera in the protected and cultivated forests of South Wollo,Ethiopia.Results reveal that tree compositions of the three study areas differed.The dominant tree species were C.lucitanica(15–80%),Olea europaea(5–90%)and J.procera(14–70%).The cypress aphid showed significantly higher levels of infestation on C.lusitanica(35–90%)than on J.procera(1–16%).Moreover,there was higher C.lusitanica mortality(40–93%).In contrast,there was low infestation(1–16%)on J.procera and no mortality.The results reveal that the cypress aphid causes enormous losses of C.lusitanica.Therefore,it is recommended that insect surveillance be strengthened and the introduction bioagents be considered and integrated with other insecticides to minimize the degree of C.lusitanica infestation and loss.     

大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生规律及4种杀虫剂的防治效果

兰溪杨梅是农业农村部农产品地理标志产品, 随着大棚设施的普及, 以柏牡蛎蚧为主的介壳虫呈日益加重趋势。本研究在浙江兰溪大棚杨梅主产区调查了大棚和露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧的发生规律, 并开展了化学防治试验。结果表明, 大棚与露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧一年发生2代, 种群数量动态呈现双峰型。大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生高峰期为3月中旬至下旬, 相比于露天柏牡蛎蚧早一个半月左右。不同乡镇和不同栽培方式条件下杨梅柏牡蛎蚧虫口发生量均有显著差异, 4个乡镇街道大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧平均每叶虫量是露天的5倍之多, 其中马涧镇杨梅受害最为严重。药效试验结果表明, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺悬浮剂(SC) 2 000倍液药后15 d和30 d平均药效分别为90.5%和94.4%, 防治效果最好, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺SC 2 500倍液及3 000倍液、95%矿物油乳油(EC) 50倍液和20%松脂酸钠可溶性粉剂(SP) 200倍液30 d药效均在85%上, 显著优于65%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂(WP) 2 500倍液。建议果农在杨梅柏牡蛎蚧卵孵化高峰期选择矿物油或松脂酸钠进行防治, 目前螺虫·呋虫胺还未在杨梅上登记, 待进一步测试并登记后, 可在实际生产上推广应用。     

Differentiation of Seiridium species associated with virulent cankers on cypress in the Mediterraneanregion by PCR-SSCP

A rapid and sensitive method was developed to discriminate between Seiridium cardinale and Seiridium cupressi , the fungi causing severe cankers on common cypress in the Mediterranean area. The method amplified sequence variants in the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to reveal single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) between the two species. The greatest separation pattern was obtained with a gel matrix containing 7–10% formamide and 3–5% glycerol under optimized running conditions, which were found to be 30–40 V at 4–5°C for 4–8 h. Sequence homology among isolates within each of the two species caused no mobility shifts, with all isolates displaying the same migration pattern. A few base differences between S. cardinale and S. cupressi caused markedly different migration patterns, allowing differentiation of the two pathogens. Differences between these fungi at the genetic level are consistent with known data on morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics. SSCP analysis constitutes a rapid and easy-to-perform method by which to recognize and distinguish closely related organisms, and has considerable potential for use in diagnosis and taxonomy.     

First report of Siphonatrophia cupressi and its parasitoids in Algeria and a first record for Africa

This paper presents the first finding of Siphonatrophia cupressi (Swain, 1918) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) for Algeria and also for the whole African continent. This aphid pest is reported for the first time from Khenchela Province, North‐Eastern Algeria, on Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.). The first observations were made in a public garden, and other colonies were detected in a nursery producing forest seedlings. Monitoring of these colonies revealed that this aphid is parasitized by Ephedrus persicae Frog and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae).