昆虫生长调节剂抑食肼防治杨圆蚧和柳蛎盾蚧

抑食肼是一种昆虫生长调节剂．对杨圆蚧和柳蛎盾蚧具有特效．对天改安全。使用1％～2％抑食肼油剂防治两蚧固定著虫的药效在90％～98％：防治柳蛎盾蚧卵的药效在94％～98％．使用25％押食肼可湿性粉剂100～200ug／g．防治柳蛎盾蚧初孵著虫的药效在91％～96％。押食肼油剂具有内吸和胃毒作用并具有速效．特效．为蚧虫的防治提供一种理想，安全、经济和高教的新型杀蚧剂。     

新型杀虫剂对蚯蚓的毒理学研究

研究了吡虫啉与抑食肼对蚯蚓的急性毒性、生化毒性及对精子形态的影响。急性毒性结果表明,上述两种杀虫剂在不同暴露系统中,显现不同的毒性效应。吡虫啉在浓度低于０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、抑食肼低于２５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内对蚯蚓纤维素酶活力有抑制作用。低浓度吡虫啉对蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶活力有抑制作用,高浓度吡虫啉和抑食肼则有促进作用。两种杀虫剂对蚯蚓精子形态均有不同程度影响     

Lipid components of mustard seeds (Brassica juncea L.) as influenced by cadmium levels

In a pot experiment the soil application of different levels of Cd²⁺ (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 µg g^–1 soil) affected the lipid components of mustard seeds (Brassica juncea L. Cv. RH-30) markedly. Total lipids declined with the Cd²⁺ levels regularly while phospho and glycolipids increased only at higher levels. Fatty acids profile of total, neutral and polar lipid fractions were affected considerably. Erucic acid in total and neutral lipids was observed to increase while it decreased in polar lipids with Cd²⁺ as compared to control. On the other hand palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids had reverse trend. Cadmium concentration increased consistently with increasing levels of Cd²⁺. Plant dry weight was also decreased significantly with Cd²⁺ levels.     

抑食肼油剂防治杨干象

杨干象是一种世界性的危险性杨树检症害虫，分布广泛．危害严重．是一种毁灭性的蛀干害虫．对杨树威胁极大。为了克服长期大量使用常规杀虫剂．造成对环境的污染．杀伤天敌、害虫产生抗药性的副作用。我们研制一种新型昆虫生长调节荆抑食肼油剂．防治杨干象幼虫使用1％油剂杀虫率达95％、抑食肼油剂对杨干象幼虫具有高效．内吸作用．既有速效性又有较好的持效性、抑食肼油剂的研制为杨干象等蛀干害虫提供一种安全、高效，经济的新型杀虫剂．具有显著的生态．社会和经济效益．可以在生产上推广应用。     

Quantitative structure–activity studies of insect growth regulators: XVI. Substituent effects of dibenzoylhydrazines on the insecticidal activity to Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Insecticidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, was measured for a series of substituted N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines, in which one of the benzoyl moieties closer to the tert-butyl group was fixed as being 2-chloro-substitued and the other variously substituted singly or doubly. The effects of substituents on the activity were quantitatively analysed using the classical quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) procedure. The activity against the Colorado potato beetle increases with the molecular hydrophobicity. In addition, various types of steric effect are at work, depending upon the positions. Hydrogen-bonding acceptor substituents at the para position enhance the activity. There seem to be threshold (or optimum) values, albeit position-dependent, in the molecular hydrophobicity, above which the activity starts to decrease. This biphasic contribution of the molecular hydrophobicity to activity against coleopterous larvae is the most conspicuous difference in substituent effects from those found for similar compounds against lepidopterous pest insects, and may be the basis of the variations in the activity spectrum for certain compounds in this series. The introduction of bulkier substituents into the meta- and para-positions of the benzene ring, apart from the tert-butyl group, is unfavorable to activity. LD₅₀ values against Colorado potato beetle larvae of methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) and tebufenozide (RH-5992) were in the order of 10⁻⁷ mol per insect, whereas those of RH-5849, and halofenozide (RH-0345) were very low, 10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁰ mol per insect being selective to the coleopterous larvae. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Imidazole derivative KK-42 reduces ecdysteroid titers and interferes with reproductive processes in adult females of Tenebrio molitor

KK-42, an imidazole derivative considered as potent inhibitor of ecdysteroid biosynthesis, was tested on adult females of Tenebrio molitor. The compound was applied topically (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μg/insect) on 0- or 2-day-old adult females or added to the culture medium (1 and 10 μM) of ovaries. To test the effect of KK-42 on the reproduction capacity, ovaries were explanted from 2- and 4-day-old females corresponding, respectively, to follicles at the beginning and the end of vitellogenesis. KK-42 treatment reduced the fecundity and the longevity of females, and in addition, it delayed oviposition and affected growth and development of oocytes as evidenced by measurements of the ovarian weight, the number of oocytes per ovaries, and the size of the basal follicle. Hence, the effects were stronger in newly emerged females compared to 2-day-old females. Interestingly, RH-0345, an ecdysteroid agonist, could partly restore the effects on reproductive events induced by KK-42. In a second series of experiments using an enzyme immunoassay to measure ecdysteroid titers, KK-42 reduced the amounts of ecdysteroids in ovaries after application on newly emerged adult females. In 2-day-old females, it caused a significant effect with the highest doses. In addition, the compound significantly reduced the amounts of ecdysteroid released into the culture medium by ovaries explanted from 2- or 4-day-old females. The results are discussed in relation to the mode of action of KK-42 on reproduction.     

水稻杆中抑食肼RH-5849的残留测定

采用乙腈法提取残留物抑食肼.用氧化铝层析柱净化,并用液相色谱法测定了稻杆中抑食肼的残留量.结果表明,液相色谱法在稻杆中的最低检出浓度为0.02mg/kg,回收率均在84%～104%,变异系数均在0.095～0.140,能满足农药残留分析的要求.     

取食不同蔬菜的菜粉蝶幼虫对抑食肼的敏感性测定

叶片残留法测定结果表明,取食芥蓝（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａａｌｂｏｇｌｏｇｒａＢａｉｌｅｙ）白菜（ＢｃｏｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｍａｒｋｉｎｏｖａｒ．ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）,菜心（Ｂ．ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｓＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）,萝卜（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｕｍｖＬ．）的３,５龄菜粉蝶幼虫均对抑食腊的敏感性差异较大,ＬＣ５     

虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾生物活性研究

测定了虫酰肼(RH-5992)对甜菜夜蛾的生物活性。杀卵作用测定表明,在200 mg/L浓度下,虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾1日龄卵有较强的毒杀作用;用浸叶法测定了虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的生物活性,发现1、2龄幼虫对药剂的敏感性较高,3~5龄幼虫敏感性下降但之间差异不大;拒食活性测定表明虫酰肼能明显抑制甜菜夜蛾幼虫的生长,降低其取食量,在10 mg/kg浓度时,表现了较强的拒食活性,96 h后拒食率达到73%以上。研究了虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响,发现其可延缓甜菜夜蛾的生长,使幼虫历期、蛹历期增长,同时降低甜菜夜蛾的生育繁殖能力,使幼虫成活率、化蛹率、羽化率、卵孵化率都有所下降。     

抑食肼颗粒剂防治金龟子幼虫

抑食肼(RH-5849)是一种具有蜕皮激素活性的昆虫生长调节剂。对鳞翅目，鞘翅目、双翅目等幼虫有效．具有抑制进食．加速蜕皮：对害虫以胃毒作用为主．具有较强的内吸性残效期较长．抑食肼颗粒剂斑效期为30d左右．根据虫口密度．一般施药2～3次为宜．第一次床基施药3～5g／m2．以防治越冬代2～3龄幼虫为主．第二次床面施药5g／m2．防治新生1龄幼虫为主．总防治效果达90％～94％，是目前防治地下害虫取代高残留．剧毒农药的一种无公害的新型杀虫剂。