莫干山啮虫二新种((虫齿)目:(虫齿)亚目)

本文描述了(虫齿)科二新种,属(虫齿)目的(虫齿)科。模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

广东啮虫一新种及圆(虫齿)属的研究((虫齿)目:圆(虫齿)科、外(虫齿)科)

记述了外(虫齿)科 Ectopsocidae 一新种,即广东邻外(虫齿)Ectopsocopsis guangdongensissp.n.;记述了圆(虫齿)属 Psoquilla Hagen,并建立一新组合种 Psoquilla dispar(Verrill)。     

云南半科三新种(目:亚目)

本文记述了半科（Hemipsocidae）三新种，平行半Hemipsocusparallelicus，楔角后半Metahemipsocuscunestus及斑翅后半M．Spilopterus。     

中国虱(虫齿)属四新种((虫齿)目:虱(虫齿)科)

本文记述了中国虱(虫齿)科虱(虫齿)属四新种:角虱(虫齿)Liposcelis antennatoides,饰红虱(虫齿)L.rufiornata,雕纹虱(虫齿)L.sculptilimacula 以及中华虱(虫齿)L.sinica。     

Inhibition of egg development by phosphine in the cosmopolitan pest of stored products Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

Phosphine-induced delay in development of eggs was investigated as a mechanism of resistance to this fumigant in Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. One-day-old eggs of a susceptible and a strongly resistant strain of L bostrychophila were exposed to a range of phosphine concentrations for 6days at 30 (+/- 1) degrees C and 70 (+/- 2)% RH. Delay in mean hatching period occurred in both susceptible and resistant eggs, although it was more pronounced in the latter. A maximum delay of 2.65 days was recorded for eggs of the susceptible strain at 0.01 mg litre(-1) (the highest concentration at which eggs survived) and 13.39 days for the resistant strain at 1 mg litre(-1) (the highest concentration tested). Delay in egg development time was positively correlated with increasing phosphine concentration. Our results reveal that the most successful strategy to control resistant L bostrychophila is to apply relatively low concentrations of phosphine for extended exposure times (eg 0.05 mg litre(-1) for 16 days) that allow all eggs to hatch to the much less tolerant nymph stage.     

Acute lethal and behavioral sublethal responses of two stored-product psocids to surface insecticides

BACKGROUND: The psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae) are emerging pests of stored products. Although their behavior, particularly their high mobility, may contribute to the reported relatively low efficacy of insecticides against them, studies to investigate this have not been conducted. The present study aimed to assess the label rate efficacy of three commercial insecticides (β‐cyfluthrin, chlorfenapyr and pyrethrins) applied on concrete surfaces against L. bostrychophila and L. entomophila, and also their sublethal effect on the mobility of these species. RESULTS: The synthetic insecticides β‐cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr showed high short‐term efficacy (LT₉₅≤15 h) against both psocid species, unlike the natural pyrethrins (LT₉₅ ≥ 4 days). Liposcelis bostrychophila was slightly more tolerant (≥1.2×) than L. entomophila to all three insecticides. Behavioral assays with fully sprayed and half‐sprayed concrete arenas indicated that the insecticides reduced the mobility of both species. Pyrethrins seem to elicit weak repellence in L. bostrychophila. CONCLUSION: β‐Cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr were effective against both psocid species, but not pyrethrins. The mobility of both species does not seem to play a major role in the differential selectivity observed, but the lower mobility of L. bostrychophila may be a contributing factor to its higher insecticide tolerance. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Purification and biochemical characterization of glutathione S-transferases from three strains of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae): Implication of insecticide resistance

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a vast range of xenobiotics including insecticides were investigated in the psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. GSTs from susceptible and two resistant strains (DDVP-R for dichlorvos-resistant strain and PH₃-R for phosphine-resistant strain) of L. bostrychophila were purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and characterized by their Michaelis-Menten kinetics towards artificial substrates, i.e., 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), in a photometric microplate assay. The specific activities of GSTs purified from two resistant strains were significantly higher than their susceptible counterpart. For the resistant strains, GSTs both showed a significantly higher affinity to the substrate GSH while a declined affinity to CDNB than those of susceptible strain. The inhibitory potential of ethacrynic acid was very effective with highest I₅₀ value (the concentration required to inhibit 50% of GSTs activity) of 1.21 μM recorded in DDVP-R. Carbosulfan also exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on purified GSTs. The N-terminus of the purified enzyme was sequenced by Edman degradation, and the alignment of first 13 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence with other insect GSTs suggested the purified protein was similar to those of Sigma class GSTs.     

Long-term effectiveness of grain protectants and structural treatments against Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), a pest of stored products

Numerous strains of the psocid pest, Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) were collected from farms and central storages and interbred to form three representative strains from three major grain-growing states of Australia: Queensland, South Australia and New South Wales. These were tested against the grain protectants and structural treatments currently registered for use in Australia. Recently, L decolor has become an important pest of stored grain in Australia, particularly in the eastern and southern parts. There is no published information available on management of this pest and the current pest-management strategy, based predominantly on phosphine fumigation, has failed to control infestations of this pest in numerous grain storages in Australia. Alternative methods of control such as use of contact insecticides were explored in the present work to supplement phosphine fumigation to manage this new pest. From eight grain protectants tested as admixtures, only chlorpyrifos-methyl, bioresmethrin plus piperonyl butoxide, and fenitrothion were found to provide long term (3-9 months) protection against all three strains of L decolor. Chlorpyrifos-methyl gave the best protection, providing a minimum of 7.5 to a maximum of 9 months protection, depending on the strains tested. Three structural treatments, azamethiphos, azamethiphos plus carbaryl and permethrin provided long-term control (8-9 months) of all three strains of L decolor on galvanised steel surfaces, with permethrin delivering 9 months protection against all strains. However, all of these treatments failed to provide long-term control of any strains on concrete surfaces. We conclude that chlorpyrifos-methyl as a grain admixture can be incorporated into fumigation strategies to optimise the control of L decolor infestations. Structural treatments, such as permethrin can be used to support a fumigation strategy in storages made of galvanised steel.     

中国虱属分类研究 Ⅲ.分类与检索

本文是“中国虱属分类研究”系列论文的第３篇,主要介绍了目分亚目、粉亚目分组、纳组分科、虱科分属以及虱属分种团等５个目和虱属研究中常用的检索表。     

中国虱属分类研究 Ⅳ.常见的几种仓储虱

本文是“中国虱属分类研究”系列论文的第 4篇 ,主要针对 4种世界常见虱属Liposcelis昆虫进行了重新描述 ,即嗜卷虱L .bostrychophilaBadonnel、嗜虫虱L .ento mophila(Enderlein)、无色虱L .decolor(Pearman)和皮氏虱L .pearmaniLienhard。旨在为我国口岸植物检疫 ,特别是有关虱属昆虫的鉴定工作提供参考。