利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

银线伞莎草组织培养及快速繁殖的研究

以银线伞莎草的总苞片为材料,进行了组织培养研究,成功地建立起快速繁殖体系。结果表明:1/2MS+BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖20～30g/L是总苞片萌发生长为无根苗的适宜培养基;1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+IAA0.3～0.4mg/L+蔗糖20g/L是无根苗生根培养的适宜培养基;MS+IBA0.2mg/L+IAA0.3mg/L+BA0.2mg/L+GA30.5mg/L+蔗糖20g/L是银线伞莎草根茎萌发生根培养和根茎萌发生根继代增殖培养的适宜培养基;在温室中试管苗移栽易成活,移栽的试管苗保持了银线伞莎草的特有性状,且生长旺盛。     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

In order to investigate interactive proteins in leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus L.) with WBD phytoplasma, the protein interaction analysis was performed by using WBD phytoplasma IMP (immunodominant membrane protein) as bait protein to screen a cDNA library of leafhopper using a split-ubiquitin yeast membrane system. Through the screening test, 30 clones were obtained from the cDNA library and 8 proteins were identified by searching against NCBI database, such as tubulin, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Cdc42 protein, ribosomal proteins and ATP-F0 subunit protein, etc. The interactions between IMP and 8 putative proteins were further confirmed by co-transformation and β- Galactosidase assays. This study could be useful for understanding the molecular interaction mechanism between WBD phytoplasma and insect vector and the specificity of transmission.     

Influence of dietary lipid/protein ratio on survival,growth, body indices and digestive lipase activity in Snakehead (Channa striatus,Bloch 1793) fry reared in re‐circulating water system

Nine isoenergetic (18.5 kJ g^?1) diets were formulated in a 3 × 3 factorial design to contain three protein levels (350, 400 and 450 g kg^?1) for each of three lipid levels (65, 90 and 115 g kg^?1), respectively, and fed twice daily for 8 weeks to fish of mean initial weight 3.34 ± 0.02 g reared in a re‐circulatory water system. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were maintained within the range 28–30 °C, 5.6–6.8 and 4.82–6.65 mg L^?1 respectively throughout. Results show that fish survival was better in the groups fed 65 g kg^?1 lipid while growth performance (% weight gain, WG; specific growth rate, SGR) and nutrient utilization (feed conversion ratio, FCR; protein efficiency ratio, PER; protein intake, PI) in the 65/450 and 90/450 g kg^?1 treatments were similar and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in fish fed the other lipid/protein ratio combinations. The body indices monitored (Hepatosomatic index, HSI and viscerosomatic index, VSI) were similar among the treatments whereas intestinal lipase activity was not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by increase in dietary lipid and protein levels. Carcass composition showed that dietary protein level affected body protein content positively in the 65 and 90 g kg^?1 lipid treatments, but dietary lipid level did not affect body lipid content. A lipid/protein ratio of 65/450 g kg^?1 is considered adequate for good growth performance and survival of Channa striatus fry.     

双重RT-PCR法同步检测单头异沙叶蝉携带的两种小麦病毒

异沙叶蝉可传播小麦矮缩病毒Wheat dwarf virus(WDV)和小麦黄条纹病毒Wheat yellow striate virus(WYSV)两种病毒。本文根据WDV和WYSV的基因序列分别设计两种病毒的特异性引物对,以含有上述两种病毒的异沙叶蝉样品总RNA为模板,以随机引物为3′端通用引物反转录获得cDNA,然后在同一个PCR反应体系加入两对引物,分别得到与预期相符的773 bp和322 bp扩增产物条带。通过对引物浓度、dNTP和rTaq用量以及退火温度等条件进行优化,建立了能在同一异沙叶蝉体内检测WDV与WYSV两种小麦病毒的双重RT-PCR方法。该双重PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高,可以快速准确地在一个体系里同步检测介体昆虫体内的两种病毒,有效地检测虫体内病毒带毒率,这些结果可为病毒预测预报和病害防治提供参考。     

介体条沙叶蝉传播小麦蓝矮病植原体特性研究

小麦蓝矮病植原体(wheat blue dwarf,WBD)属于翠菊黄化组三叶草绿变亚组植原体(16SrⅠ-C),由介体条沙叶蝉(Psammotettix striatus L.)专化性传播。通过电镜超微结构观察,在接种小麦、长春花和带毒条沙叶蝉体内有大量植原体,而在健康植物组织、无毒条沙叶蝉和带毒条沙叶蝉所产卵中未见植原体的存在。通过介体传毒试验和PCR检测发现,条沙叶蝉最适获毒期为7 d,植原体在虫体内的潜育期为1 5～1 7 d,接毒期为2～3 d。条沙叶蝉一旦获毒可终生持毒和传毒。不同虫态的条沙叶蝉带毒率没有明显的差异,但寄生植物的种类影响其带毒率。     

Explaining movement decisions of forest rodents in fragmented landscapes

Functional connectivity is a measure of the interaction of landscape structure and a species’ dispersal ability to determine the degree to which a landscape facilitates movement among patches. Dispersal through an inhospitable matrix requires that a species is willing to enter the matrix and can successfully colonize another habitat patch. Many connectivity indices have been developed which incorporate various attributes of the landscape, but little empirical evidence of the accuracy of these indices is available. We studied the ability of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) to move through agricultural fields in west-central Indiana. Radio-collared animals were translocated into corridors that either were connected to or unconnected from an associated forest patch to determine their willingness to enter the matrix. Animals also were translocated into fields to determine how motivation to find resources influences movement through the matrix. All species demonstrated a strong motivation to find the forest. Animals were capable of moving through the matrix successfully, however, we were unable to determine whether they would do so willingly. Initial bearing was an important predictor for successfully reaching a forest patch, which has implications for modeling dispersal. Additionally, abiotic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, had a strong effect on latency to move from the release site. Although weather often correlates with seasonal migration, our study emphasizes the importance of weather in influencing short-term decisions on timing of movement.     

蚁巢热水浸提物对鸡菌丝生长的影响

采用室内培养的方法 ,来研究白蚁蚁巢的热水浸提物对鸡菌丝生长的影响 ,探索鸡菌丝的营养特征。研究发现蚁巢热水浸提物对黄褐纹鸡菌丝的生长具有至关重要的、必不可少的作用 ,而蚁巢热水浸提物的量的多少对菌丝生长的影响不大。     

条沙叶蝉触角形态及其感器类型

【目的】观察比较条沙叶蝉(Psammotettix striatus)成若虫、雌雄两性的触角及其感器的形态、数量和分布,为条沙叶蝉的行为生物学、化学生态学和电生理学的研究提供参考。【方法】应用电镜扫描技术,系统观察条沙叶蝉的触角及其感器的类型、数量和分布。【结果】条沙叶蝉成虫两性间无差异,触角呈刚毛状,包括柄节、梗节和鞭节3部分,柄节及梗节较粗短,其上具众多耳状突起,梗节近端部着生有3～5根毛形感器;鞭节细长,分为多亚节,第1、2、4亚节上各有1个锥形感器,第3亚节上着生1毛形感器,其余亚节上均无感器存在。【结论】条沙叶蝉的触角感器类型及数量在雌雄个体间无差异,若虫触角上感器的分布、数量及种类与成虫一致。     

二种引进鳢科鱼类的染色体组型

本文报道纹鳢和巨鳢的染色体组型。其结果是：纹鳢，２ｎ＝４４，核型公式为，４ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋１６ｓｔ十２２ｔ，ＮＦ＝５０；巨鳢，２ｎ＝４４，核型公式为，２ｍ十４２ｔ，ＮＦ＝４６。本文还讨论了这两种鱼的进化地位问题。