10%氰氟草酯水乳剂防除水稻移栽田禾本科杂草效果研究

以新型环境友好型的新制剂10%氰氟草酯水乳剂为供试药剂,于2013年在我国具有代表性的5个水稻主产区进行了水稻田除草药效试验。结果表明,10%氰氟草酯水乳剂对水稻田禾本科杂草具有良好的防除效果且对水稻生长安全,推荐使用制剂用药量为50～70mL/667m2（有效成分75～100g ai/hm2）。     

Genetic Relationships and Variation among Biotypes of Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and Related Species Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

The genus Paspalum L. consists of more than 400 species. Around twenty-five informal groups of species are recognized in Paspalum and the Dilatata group is of special interest because its members are excellent potential forage grasses. Seventy-five germplasm accessions, representing 15 taxa, were analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Polymorphisms were observed with twenty-two primers in the Dilatata group and 16 of those were analyzed. Four hundred and four different RAPD fragments were generated, resulting in an average of 25.2 bands per primer. Among the 404 markers analyzed, 48 (11.88%) were exclusive for the P. dilatatum Poir. biotypes, 31 (7.67%) were exclusive to taxa belonging to other groups included in this study, 28 markers (6.93%) were diagnosed for other species of the Dilatata group and 16 (3.96%), for natural hybrids. Extensive RAPD variation was found among the species studied. Inter- and intra-taxonomic polymorphisms were detected. A dendrogram based on the RAPD data shows some clusters corresponding to the same taxa. However, the biotypes of P. dilatatum do not form a cluster. The present work confirms that the RAPD technique can be used to determine genetic relationships between the taxa belonging to the Dilatata group.     

海南省禾本科药用植物资源概况

通过查阅大量文献和实地调查,整理出海南省有禾本科(Poaceae)药用植物资源48属,87种(包括变种)。其中簕竹属(Bambusa Schreber)药用植物最多,有9种。海南省禾本科药用植物按药用部位分,全草类最多;按药用功效分,清热类最多。同时还分析了海南省禾本科药用植物资源现状,并提出合理开发利用和保护的建议。     

竹类一新种及一些新组合和新分布

本文报道了竹亚科苦竹属一新种,它被命名为花石竹,产于中国湖南省。对一些栽培变种做了新组合,补充了新分布。     

小麦族拟鹅观草属研究进展

综述了拟鹅观草属植物的分类历史、形态特征和地理分布以及对拟鹅观草属植物的细胞学标记、染色体组分析、分子生物学标记、对赤霉病的抗性等方面的研究进展     

Silicon stimulates initial growth and chlorophyll a/b ratio in rice seedlings,and alters the concentrations of Ca,B, and Zn in plant tissues

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for plants due to the far-reaching benefits it confers, including enhanced growth, yield, and crop quality, as well as stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Si during germination and initial growth (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5?mM Si) and during vegetative growth (0, 1, 2, or 3?mM Si) in rice (Oryza sativa) cv. Morelos A-98. Si did not affect germination but stimulated seedling height, root length, number of roots, as well as fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots during initial growth. During vegetative growth, the application of 3?mM Si significantly increased the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio, but no major changes were observed either in growth or in concentrations of most nutrients, with the exception of Ca (which increased with 3?mM Si), and B and Zn (which decreased in the presence of Si). In conclusion, applying Si had positive effects during the initial stage of growth, increasing seedling height, root length, root number, and fresh and dry biomass weight. Under our experimental conditions, Si did not affect germination and vegetative growth, but increased Ca concentrations and decreased B and Zn concentrations.     

海南禾本科新记录种洋野黍

海南禾本科一新记录种,洋野黍(Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx),分布于儋州、陵水、三亚、保亭、琼海。