印度谷螟成虫喙的感器及分布

为了很好地理解印度谷螟成虫取食适应性,利用扫描电子显微镜观察其口器的超微形态及感器种类和分布。印度谷螟成虫口器与其他螟蛾口器相似,由小的上唇,左、右下颚的外颚叶嵌合形成的喙,3节的下唇须组成。口器感器主要分布于喙管上,共有4种感器:刺形感器、毛形感器、锥形感器和栓锥形感器。毛形感器数量最多,大量分布于整个喙管;栓锥形感器仅位于喙的端部;锥形感器分布于喙的外表面端部区域和食道内侧,纵向排列。雌雄虫间差异主要表现为,栓锥形感器雌虫较雄虫数量多,锥形感器在食道内雌虫多于雄虫。     

Identification of novel inhibitors of calling and in vitro [14C]acetate incorporation by pheromone glands of Plodia interpunctella

Some octopamine agonists were found to suppress in vitro biosynthesis of the calling pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Isolated pheromone-gland preparations incorporated sodium [14C]acetate at a linear rate for 3 h when incubated with the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). This incorporation was dependent on the dose of PBAN (up to 0.5 microM). Thin-layer chromatography of a pheromone-gland extract revealed quantitative incorporation of radioactivity into a product exhibiting the same mobility as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the main component of the calling pheromone of P interpunctella. Twenty-seven octopamine agonists were initially screened using a calling behaviour bioassay of female P interpunctella. Four derivatives with activity in the nanomolar range were identified which were, in order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity: 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)oxazolidine > 2-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2-ethylphenylimino)oxazolidine. These compounds also showed in vitro inhibitory activity in intracellular de novo pheromone biosynthesis. The results of the present study indicate that these derivatives could provide useful information in the characterization and differentiation of octopaminergic receptor types and subtypes.     

松花粉工艺处理对防控印度谷螟的效果

印度谷螟是松花粉的重要仓储害虫,为有效控制仓储害虫,确保产品质量安全,进行了干燥、过筛、灭菌及破壁等松花粉产品主要工艺过程防控印度谷螟的试验。结果表明:在松花粉产品加工流程中,采用180目以上筛网过筛,49 ℃、120 min加温干燥,12 kGy ⁶⁰Coγ辐照灭菌,机械破壁或压片成型,7 g·m^-3、6.5 h硫酰氟熏蒸或-8 ℃、24 h冷冻贮藏等任一工艺处理,都能防杀印度谷螟卵或幼虫。各措施组合应用能有效防控印度谷螟侵入或危害,且经济、实用和安全。     

寄主虫龄和蜂虫比对麦蛾茧蜂繁殖效率的影响

以印度谷螟幼虫为寄主,研究了不同寄主虫龄和蜂虫比对麦蛾茧蜂室内种群繁殖寄生效率的影响。结果表明,寄主虫龄越高,麦蛾茧蜂的化蛹率、羽化率、子代出蜂数及雌雄性比则越高。当麦蛾茧蜂与印度谷螟5龄幼虫按6(对)︰20(头)接入时,麦蛾茧蜂的子代羽化成蜂数最多(87.5头),且雌蜂比例最大。室内寄生防治试验表明,当蜂虫比为20(对)︰100(头)时,麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟4龄幼虫的寄生率高达95.4%。本研究结果说明麦蛾茧蜂是防治印度谷螟等鳞翅目储粮害虫的优良天敌。     

Dismate PE对印度谷螟的防治效果

食品在储藏过程中极易受到鳞翅目螟蛾科害虫危害,印度谷螟尤为常见,由于其幼虫极易在谷堆或者食品包装内部孳生,使得害虫防治遇到了困难。Dismate PE是一种专门针对螟蛾科害虫研发的昆虫信息素性诱剂,通过多年的药效试验表明,其对印度谷螟的防治效果不低于任何化学杀虫剂,同时安全环保。     

熊蜂饲养中对印度谷螟的防治

介绍了一套在熊蜂饲养中防治印度谷螟（Plodia interpunctella Hubner）的技术措施。     

麦蛾茧蜂性比与寄主的关系

以印度谷螟幼虫为寄主测定麦蛾茧蜂的性比得知,茧蜂在大寄主上产卵多,子代雄性比低。母蜂能根据寄主大小主动控制产卵的性别。     

Laboratory rearing of the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on a newly recorded factitious host Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is recorded as a new factitious host for the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). A short biology and rearing method of the parasitoid on the new host were studied at 30±1°C, 60–70% relative humidity, with a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D). Chelonus eclosed from 74.60% of parasitized hosts. No significant difference was found between development times of male and female parasitoids. Development of the parasitoid was completed in 28.14±0.47 days in male, and 28.87±0.58 days in female. However, a significant difference was found between adult sizes of male and female parasitoids. Adult dry mass was found 0.88±0.04 mg in male, and 1.99±0.11 mg in female. In addition, C. oculator was successfully reared from P. interpunctella in twenty generations with the explained method. Significant knowledge about biology of C. oculator is still lacking. However, the parasitoid can be candidate for future research as a biological control agent against some important lepidopteran pests, and P. interpunctella may be suitable factitious host for mass rearing of C. oculator.     

Effects of ingested 20-hydroxyecdysone on development and midgut epithelial cells of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

We describe the effects of ingested 20-hydroxyecdysone on larvae of Plodia interpunctella. It caused significant mortality and provoked cannibalism between larvae. On the other hand, it also induced precocious pupation and adult emergence. A large weight loss of larvae was recorded. Besides, 20-hydroxyecdysone provoked a reduction in protein, glycogen and lipid contents. Using electron microscopy, we have shown that 20-hydroxyecdysone caused a dose-dependent severe cytotoxicity on the midgut epithelial cells, resulting in the disorganization and the vacuolization of the cytoplasm; the nucleus appeared with crenulated envelope and presented many clear areas between the chromatin clumps and finally, the disruption of microvilli and the rupture of the plasma membrane led to the shedding of cytoplasm contents into the midgut lumen. In conclusion, ingested 20-hydroxyecdysone shows potent growth disruptive effects on P. interpunctella.