5种杀虫剂对青菜黄曲条跳甲的毒力测定及田间药效

为了筛选有效防治青菜黄曲条跳甲的药剂,在室内测定了5种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力,并开展了这5种药剂对黄曲条跳甲的田间药效试验。毒力测定结果表明,10%啶虫脒WP对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP毒力最低,LC50分别为7.20 mg/L和18.63 mg/L,5种药剂的毒力大小依次为:10%啶虫脒WP>42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP>5%鱼藤酮SL>15%哒螨灵EC>28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP。田间药效试验结果表明,42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC的防效最优,10%啶虫脒WP、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP和5%鱼藤酮SL 3种药剂总体防效相当,但低于42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC。综合来看,建议使用42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP 126~189 g/hm2、15%哒螨灵EC 90~135 g/hm2、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP 294~420 g/hm2、10%啶虫脒WP 60~90 g/hm2、5%鱼藤酮SL 150~225 g/hm2对青菜黄曲条跳甲进行防治。     

不同寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲的适合度及自然种群增长的影响

在田问对4种寄主植物上黄曲条跳甲的取食、产卵以及种群动态进行了系统调查。应用选择系数和嗜食性指数定量测定了4种寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲的适合度,以种群趋势指数综合评价了4种寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲自然种群增长的影响。结果表明,成虫趋向在芥菜、白菜和菜心上取食和产卵,且幼虫和蛹的存活率高,嗜食性指数和种群趋势指数均较大,是黄曲条跳甲的适宜寄主。在芥蓝上,黄曲条跳甲不仅产卵量少,而且幼虫的存活率很低,其嗜食性指数和种群趋势指数仅为1．937和0．78,是黄曲条跳甲的次适宜寄主。     

黄曲条跳甲成虫分离技术

介绍了一种使用简单装置分离黄曲条跳甲成虫的技术,该技术利用黄曲条跳甲成虫趋光、趋上的生物学特性,能够较好地完成田间所获黄曲条跳甲成虫与杂物及其他非目标昆虫的分离工作。     

黄曲条跳甲在广西南宁地区大发生原因及防治措施

对广西南宁地区多个蔬菜产区进行实地调查,初步掌握了黄曲条跳甲在该地区的生活习性及其对当地主要蔬菜品种的为害情况,指出该地区近年来黄曲条跳甲为害逐年加重与防治不当、气候适宜、食料丰富及人们对该虫的认识不足有关。提出改进化学防治方法,提高防治效果;重视使用农业防治、物理防治措施,避免化学药剂大量使用;抓好基础工作,建立完善的技物配套服务体系等防治建议。     

黄曲条跳甲实验室种群的生命表研究

通过模拟自然条件,用小白菜苗饲养黄曲条跳甲[Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)],组建了其年龄特征生命表和繁殖特征生命表,并计算出反映其种群增长动态的几个重要参数。结果表明,黄曲条跳甲世代总存活率为0.57,净繁殖率为96.636 6,平均世代周期为43.9 d,内禀增长率为0.104 0,周限增长率为1.109 6,种群翻倍时间为6.7 d,在稳定年龄组配中,未成熟期(卵、幼虫、蛹)年龄组占85.47%,成虫期年龄组占15.53%。     

局部施用斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲的控制效应

斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲具有较好的控制效果，但由于其田间使用量较大，成本高，生产上无法推广应用，利用斯氏线虫在潮湿土壤生境中具有的主动搜索能力，提出条带式施用方法，不仅显著了降低虫用量，而且对黄曲条跳甲具有较好的控制效果。采用条带施用（条带宽约10cm，带间距22.5cm)，可将线虫用量降低到17.5亿条/hm^2，对黄曲条跳甲幼虫的感染率在71.28%左右，防效为72.2%，且与全施无显著差异。并使黄曲条跳甲幼虫的感染率在71.28%左右，防效为72.2%，且与全施无显著差异。并使黄曲条跳甲种群趋势指数I值降为2.416，干扰控制指数为0.252。     

Persistence and performance of esfenvalerate residues on broccoli

The efficacy of esfenvalerate (84 g litre-1 EC; Asana XL) at 7.0 g AI ha-1 on broccoli was tested against the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) and the imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae L (Pieridae: Lepidoptera) under field conditions. Insect populations were monitored before and after treatment. Periodic sweep-net collections and examination of the leaves in treated and untreated broccoli plots revealed mean reductions of P cruciferae levels of nearly 98% 1 week post-application compared with untreated plots. The residual toxicity of esfenvalerate was also effective for 2 weeks in reducing population density of P rapae by 69% on broccoli leaves. The impact of esfenvalerate on feeding damage to broccoli leaves was established by counting the number of feeding holes made by P cruciferae on spring broccoli and P rapae on fall broccoli. As the leaf area ingested increased, a linear relationship was seen between the number of holes and number of insects. Results indicated that forage destruction by the two pests was significantly reduced by esfenvalerate application. Esfenvalerate was extracted from broccoli at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-application for residue analysis. Residues on spring broccoli were 12.2, 5.2 and 2.9 micrograms cm-2 on the leaves and 0.13, 0.05 and 0.02 microgram g-1 on the heads at 1 h, 1 and 3 days, respectively. Only trace levels (0.001 microgram g-1) were detected in/on the heads 14 days after spraying. On the basis of half-life (T1/2) values, persistence of esfenvalerate on spring broccoli leaves (T1/2 = 1 day) was shorter than on fall broccoli (T1/2 = 1.6 days). T1/2 values were 2.1 and 3.6 days on spring and fall broccoli heads, respectively. The implications of these residue levels on re-entry times into treated fields are discussed.     

Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

福建省黄曲条跳甲药剂敏感性的地区差异

利用浸叶法对福建省不同地区黄曲条跳甲的药剂敏感性水平进行测定,结果表明不同地区的黄曲条跳甲对毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、敌敌畏的药剂敏感性普遍处于敏感性下降到低抗水平,少数菜区达到中等抗性水平;不同地区的黄曲条跳甲对氯氰菊酯的药剂敏感性差异较大,部分地区达到中抗或高抗水平.总体上,闽东南沿海地区的黄曲条跳甲药剂敏感性水平普遍低于闽西北地区.     

黄曲条跳甲成虫空间分布型及抽样技术

对黄曲条跳甲成虫的空间分布型进行测定 ,结果表明 :黄曲条跳甲成虫在菜心上的空间分布格局为聚集分布 ,符合负二项分布和核心分布 ;聚集原因主要由环境因素 (食料等 )造成 ,也与自身特性有关 .文中还根据聚集度均数 (λ)的测定结果 ,组建了序贯抽样模型和最适理论抽样数模型