甘薯膜脂过氧化作用和膜保护系统的变化与品种抗旱性的关系

 对水分胁迫下甘薯叶片膜脂过氧化作用和膜保护系统变化的研究结果表明 ,水分胁迫下不同甘薯品种叶片中O2-·产生速率、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性、VC 含量比对照均有明显增加 ;除少数抗旱性较强的品种外 ,其余品种CAT活性比对照均有不同程度下降 ,但品种抗旱性愈强 ,其CAT活性下降幅度愈小。O2-· 和MDA的相对值(占对照 % )与品种抗旱性均呈极显著负相关 (r分别为 - 0 .772 8和 - 0 .836 2 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而SOD、POD、CAT及VC 的相对值与品种抗旱性均呈极显著正相关 (r分别为 0 .95 19、0 .82 2 6、0 .96 13和 0 .92 30 ,P <0 .0 1)。因此 ,这些指标可用于甘薯不同品种抗旱性的评定     

Effects of dietary flaxseed oil supplementation on equine plasma fatty acid concentrations and whole blood platelet aggregation

An 18-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-enriched ration on plasma fatty acid concentrations and platelet aggregation in healthy horses. Flaxseed oil served as the source of the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Twelve horses were fed dietary maintenance requirements using a complete pelleted ration (80%) and timothy grass hay (20%) for a 2-week acclimation period before being randomly assigned either to a treatment (group 1) or control (group 2) group. Group 2 horses (n = 6) were fed the diet described in the acclimation period, whereas group I horses (n = 6) were fed a 10% flaxseed oil-enriched complete pellet (80%) and grass hay (20%). Biological samples and physical measurements were collected at one point during the acclimation period (week 0) and every 4 weeks thereafter (weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16). Body weight, CBC (including platelet count), plasma fibrinogen. electrolyte (Na, K, and Cl) concentrations, and biochemical profile enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase) did not change markedly with diet. Platelet aggregation was not altered by the supplementation of flaxseed oil in these healthy horses, although increases in plasma cis-polyunsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids C18:3; n-3 (ALA) and C18:2; n-6 (linoleic acid), biologically active C20:5; n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evident. There were no marked decreases in C20:4; n-6 (arachidonic acid [AA]) or increases in C22:6; n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), signifying that flaxseed oil may have had a high percentage of omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids as well as n-3 fatty acids, and this relatively high n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio may have affected the biochemical effect of n-3 fatty acids. In healthy horses supplemented with flaxseed oil, platelet aggregation was not altered, which may have been due to the limited biologic effect in healthy subjects or the inability of flaxseed oil to induce the necessary biochemical effect of replacing n-6 fatty acids with n-3 types.     

Phytotoxic activity of middle-chain fatty acids II: peroxidation and membrane effects

Pelargonic acid (PA), an aliphatic 9-carbon monocarboxylic acid, is a phytotoxic burn-down compound. In the light peroxidizing activity can be measured as ethane and propane formation with cress or tobacco seedlings. This effect is strong at low pH (4–5), and saturated acids with 9–10 carbon atoms represent the optimum chain length. Methyl or ethyl esters are inactive, and safeners have no influence. In contrast to the peroxidative herbicides like acifluorfen methyl neither photosynthesis nor protoporphyrin IX is involved, although peroxidation requires light. Chlorophyll is necessary since etiolated seedlings show little peroxidation. Singlet oxygen quenchers like eugenol markedly reduce peroxidation. Membrane leakage of a similar rate is observed in light as well as in darkness. PA was described as a penetration enhancer intercalating with membranes. Our data corroborate that conclusion. Accordingly, the herbicidal mode of action of pelargonic acid is due first to membrane leakage in dark or light and second to peroxidation driven by radicals originating in the light by sensitized chlorophyll displaced from the thylakoids.     

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on rotenone-induced myocardial oxidative injury

Rotenone, an insecticide, causes toxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I and oxidative injury to the tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine in vivo effects of rotenone on myocardium and cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, against rotenone toxicity in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: untreated control, rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day for 60 days, i.p.) and rotenone + CAPE groups. CAPE was administrated i.p. 10 μmol/kg/day for 62 days started two days before first dose rotenone injection. The malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels and xanthine oxidase activity of rotenone group was significantly higher than control and rotenone + CAPE groups (p < 0.05). However, catalase activity in the rotenone group was decreased in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase activity of rotenone group was insignificantly decreased compared to the others. In conclusion, rotenone caused lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue and CAPE treatment prevented this rotenone-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. CAPE might be a cardio-protective agent against myocardial toxicities.     

低温胁迫对小麦叶片细胞膜脂质过氧化产物及相关酶活性的影响

为了给小麦抗寒性鉴定提供依据，采用室内模拟低温处理小麦133个系的DH群体幼苗，研究了低温胁迫对小麦幼苗叶片脂质过氧化作用的产物及其相关酶活性的影响。结果表明，低温处理后脂质过氧比作用产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量增加；超氧物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性在低温胁迫条件下不同株系间存在差异，但并不随MDA的增加而稳定提高，两种酶之间的活性变化无明显的同步性。因此，SOD活性和MDA含量可以作为鉴定小麦抗寒性的生理生化指标。     

紫外光B辐射增强对小白菜膜脂质过氧化作用的影响

小白菜品种矮脚黄生长在光照培养室内,在以０．０、１３．０ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１（模拟氧浓度下降２０％时的ＵＶ－Ｂ强度）的紫外光Ｂ（ＵＶ－Ｂ２８０－３２０ｎｍ）进行４ｄ与７ｄ的照射处理,研究ＵＶ－Ｂ对小白菜叶片内的类黄酮和膜脂质过氧化作用的影响。研究结果表明,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射诱导了小白菜叶内吸收ＵＶ的类黄酮化合物的积累。同时ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射降低小白菜叶片内抗坏血酸的含量,１３．０ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１的ＵＶ－Ｂ     

PEG渗调对苦瓜种子活力和膜脂过氧化的影响

１５％￣３５％ＰＥＧ能提高苦瓜种子活力,但以２５％ＰＥＧ渗调效果最好,经２５％ＰＥＧ渗调４小时,发芽率、生长势和活力指数分别由对照的６２．５、３．０５和１．９５提高到９０．６、７．８８和７．１５。实验表明,ＰＥＧ可明显提高苦弧种子ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的活性,并能抑制ＬＯＸ的活性。经２５％ＰＥＧ处理后ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的活性分别由对照的６２．０、７．２提高到１１１．８和１１．４,ＬＯＸ活性由１．２７降低到０．     

乌龙茶做青过程脂质过氧化作用及其对茶叶品质的影响

以肉桂品种鲜叶为原料,研究了做青强度对做青叶脂质过氧化作用和茶叶品质的影响。结果表明,摇青可以加速做青叶水分散失和可溶性蛋白质降解;摇青和自然萎凋均能促进MDA累积。在做青前期适当晒青和轻摇青可以提高SOD活力;重摇青降低SOD活力,进而O2.-产生速率加快,脂质过氧化加速,从而促进具有青草味的化合物散失,乌龙茶特征香气提高。     

小麦开花后根系膜脂过氧化作用及其对粒重的影响

研究了３个品种小麦开花后根系膜脂过氧化作用,以及对旗叶衰老、籽粒增重的影响,结果表明,小麦开花后,根系ＭＤＡ含量和ＰＯＸ酶活性增加,ＳＯＤ酶活性下降,膜脂过氧化作用加强。根系迅速衰老,引起旗叶叶绿素含量下降,旗叶早衰,籽粒增重缓慢千粒重低,蒲麦８４４１开花后植株早衰明显,千粒重低;阜阳８６１、扬麦１５８开花后植株衰老缓慢千粒重高。     

苹果果实衰老与过氧化作用的关系

本文对苹果衰老与过氧化作用的关系做了分析。比较了正常果与衰老果的过氧化作用以及气体调节与生长调节剂对过氧化作用的影响。