Farmer participation in irrigation management: The case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network, Iran

The importance of farmer participation in system design and management has been emphasized in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting farmer participation in irrigation management using survey research. The study was conducted in Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network in Fars province, Iran. Multistage stratified random sampling was used to collect data from 270 farmers as the research sample. Results reveal that farmers’ attitudes toward participation in irrigation management, attitudes toward personnel of the State Water Authority and the Agricultural Extension Service Centers (AESCs), family size, the problem perception, dependence on the dam for water, and educational background have influenced their participation in irrigation management. By contrast, contact with information sources, animal units, sociability, age and agricultural experience did not affect farmers’ participation. Moreover, based on farmers’ perspectives, unequal water distribution among farms, dissatisfaction with Water Authority operators and high water fees and charges were the main problems and obstacles toward farmer participation in irrigation management.     

农村社区公益性文化建设中几个问题的阐释

对农村社区公益性文化建设中几个问题进行了阐释,指出推进农村社区公益性文化建设,应重视农村权威人物发挥积极作用,预防其消极作用;应重视农民工对乡村社会的影响力,引导农民工对农村社区建设发挥积极作用;应重视农民闲暇生活,用先进文化占领这一重要阵地。     

国际竹类栽培品种登录的理论与实践

国际竹类栽培品种登录的理论基础是由国际权威组织正式颁布实施的《国际栽培植物命名法规》(ICNCP)及其相关理论支撑体系;国际竹类栽培品种登录实践的有效开展则有赖于国际栽培植物登录权威体系的建立、国际竹类栽培品种登录中心的组建和国际竹类栽培品种登录规则的制定。据此,文章系统介绍了《国际栽培植物命名法规》的基本情况以及与《国际植物命名法规》(ICBN)的相互关系,国际栽培植物登录权威(ICRA)体系的基本概念及其与法定植物登录权威(SPRA)的相互关系,申报国际竹类栽培品种登录权威的目的、意义、必要性及其资源基础,国际竹类栽培品种登录权威的申报与批准,国际竹类栽培品种登录工作的组织形式、操作方法、阶段性成果及发展趋势,旨在为世界各产竹国、产竹区和从事竹资源研发、培育、生产、加工、交流和利用的机构、企业及个人开展竹类栽培品种国际登录提供指导和帮助。     

应用软件用户权限设定策略的研究

分析了不同应用环境下用户权限的设定策略,提出在具体的用户权限设定设计中两种思路,为应用系统中合理的用户权限设计提供参考.     

基于用户组角色的数字林业Web应用系统权限设计

权限管理的职责就是保证信息系统中的信息、操作能够被合法、安全的使用。对基于角色访问控制的理论模型进行讨论和分析,并提出了J2EE框架下的B/S模式的基于用户组角色权限管理的设计方案。     

山东省植物品种权情况分析及发展对策

文章从调查山东省1999～2007年植物新品种保护申请和授予品种权的现状着手,在分析实际情况的基础上,阐述了山东省植物品种权申请和授权的特点,并提出了提高对植物新品种保护重要性的认识、加强对植物新品种保护工作的宣传、拓宽品种权申请领域和营造农业科技创新的良好氛围等促进山东省植物新品种保护工作进一步开展的对策。     

后税费时代的村庄公共权威: 路向与选择

文章在对农村进行实证调查基础上,以中国现代化作为大背景,采用国家——社会互动关系的分析框架,沿着历时性与共时性分析相结合的研究路径,探讨村庄公共权威演变轨迹。本文认为,前税费改革时期村庄公共权威的演变主要经历了传统型权威主导时期、现代行政型权威兴起及扩张时期和行政型权威固化时期三个阶段。后税费时代的村庄公共权威将朝着去政治化和去行政化方向发展。重构村庄公共权威,需要切实推进村民自治建设,大力发展农民合作组织,加大对乡村的财力支持。     

加强农业科研院所机关服务能力建设的对策

文章针对当前农业科研院所机关管理队伍存在的"重管理,轻服务"、管理队伍专业知识欠缺、管理队伍建设及管理方法创新不够等问题进行了分析,提出了机关管理人员应转变工作角色,提高综合素质能力,并从围绕规范服务、提升业务能力、深入基层了解生产等方面创新工作思路,以提高机关管理人员的工作效率,提升机关服务能力,为科研人员做好后勤服务保障工作,为农业科研院所整体向前发展提供有力的支撑。     

Sustainable Forest Management in Tropical Rain Forests

Abstract

In planning of sustainable forest management, economic, environmental and social demands often conflict. Forest management in Southeast Asian tropical dipterocarp forests has been particularly biased towards maximizing immediate economic return from extensive logging. Overexploitation and other forms of uncontrolled land use within these forests have led to the situation where the remaining natural forests, most of them in Indonesia, will be liquidated within the next 10-15 years at the current rate of deforestation. In this paper we present an approach for sustainable forest management planning in which economic, environmental and social sustainability are considered simultaneously in order to define an optimal management strategy from a set of available alternatives.

We carried out a case study within a rain forest logging concession in Indonesian Borneo by using a participatory planning approach involving interviews of the local people, environmental assessment and economic analyses. We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for resource allocation and priority setting in order to identify an optimal strategy which yields a sustained economic output from timber production, while at the same time being environmentally and socioculturally sustainable. Despite their relatively high costs, strategies involving selective harvesting combined to complete restoration of original dipterocarp stock in logged-over areas were superior in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Priorities set by local communities for the strategies to meet their socioeconomic and cultural needs coincide well with those ensuring the restoration and biodiversity.     

传统社会乡村精英身份建构与权威基础——以关中庙村为个案

通过对关中庙村的调查,考察了传统乡村精英的身份建构,研究表明,在家族内聚性弱、群体内向集合性强的村庄,村治精英身份建构的基础是日常交往、原发性人力资本和介入公事。多元化的身份建构成为乡村精英的权威基础,折射着传统乡村社会的特质。