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穗状狐尾藻为拉市海高原湿地的优势沉水植物,采用ISSR标记对其进行了遗传多样性和克隆多样性研究。结果表明:拉市海穗状狐尾藻具有较高的遗传多样性(H =0.155 9,I=0.239 2)和克隆多样性(D=0.917 3),3个区域的穗状狐尾藻的遗传多样性水平相差不大,遗传分化较小,但相互之间无共同基因型。较高的遗传多样性和克隆多样性可以在一定程度上揭示,穗状狐尾藻能够在短期内成为拉市海优势植物群落的建群机制。 相似文献
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以鲜质量比7∶3的绿狐尾藻和麦麸为原料混合青贮,分别添加0%、2%、4%、6%的葡萄糖,固定添加植物乳杆菌,测定混合青贮饲料的发酵品质、营养品质及有氧稳定性。结果表明:添加葡萄糖能显著(P<0.05)降低混合青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮与总氮质量分数之比,显著(P<0.05)提高乳酸质量分数,降低丁酸质量分数,改善青贮发酵品质;显著(P<0.05)降低粗蛋白和粗纤维质量分数,且显著(P<0.05)提高相对饲用价值;当葡萄糖添加量为4%时显著(P<0.05)降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维质量分数;添加0%、2%、4%、6%葡萄糖处理的有氧稳定性分别为>360、226、>360、62 h。综合评价结果显示,鲜质量比7∶3的绿狐尾藻和麦麸混合青贮中添加2%葡萄糖,混合青贮有更好的发酵品质和营养品质及有氧稳定性。 相似文献
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为了探究高氨养殖废水中一定比例的硝态氮对绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)生长及生理特征的影响,采用营养液培养,在总氮浓度为15 mmol/L的条件下,以纯铵处理为对照(CK),设置NH+4∶NO-3=3∶1(以N3∶1表示)和NH+4∶NO-3=1∶1(以N1∶1表示)两个处理,研究绿狐尾藻对不同铵硝配比的生理响应。结果显示,培养至第21天,N1∶1处理的相对生物量和相对茎高分别为13.17 g和35.31 cm,显著低于N3∶1(19.59 g,41.78 cm)和CK组(17.82 g, 38.82 cm)(P<0.05)。不同处理下叶片中的氮含量为50.38~58.82 mg/g,显著高于茎中氮含量26.96~35.42 mg/g;但叶片中磷含量5.17~7.38 mg/g显著低于茎中的磷含量8.44~9.88 mg/g(P<0.05)。培养至第21天时,CK、N3∶1、N1∶1处理之间的叶片磷含量(6.76、7.06、7.38 mg/g)差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),表现为N1∶1> N3∶1>CK。N1∶1和N3∶1处理叶片(7.03、6.75 mg/g)和茎中(6.43、5.04 mg/g)的可溶性糖含量均显著高于CK(3.58、3.27 mg/g)(P<0.05)。N1∶1处理叶片和茎中的叶绿素含量均显著高于CK和N3∶1处理(P<0.05)。研究表明,当处理中添加少量或不添加硝态氮时,有利于绿狐尾藻生长和生物量增加;当处理中硝态氮含量相对较高时,植株叶绿素和可溶性糖含量增加,同时吸收磷的能力增强。绿狐尾藻在不同铵硝配比的水体中均能保持良好的生长状态和较强的氮磷吸收能力,该结果为绿狐尾藻高效净化不同来源的养殖废水提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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The uptake of four (14)C-labelled non-ionised compounds, the methyl carbamoyloxime insecticide/nematicide oxamyl and three model phenylureas, from solution by rooted stems of the aquatic plant parrot feather [Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc], together with translocation to the emergent shoots, was measured over periods of 24 and 48 h. Uptake into the submerged tissues of roots and stem base could be ascribed to two processes: movement into the aqueous phase of cells and then partitioning onto the plant solids. This latter process was related to lipophilicity (as measured by the l-octanol/water partition coefficient, K(ow)) and gave rise to high uptake rates of the most lipophilic compounds. Translocation to shoots was passive and was optimal at log K(ow) approximately 1.8, at which the efficiency of translocation of compound was about 40% of that of water. This optimum log K(ow) was identical to that observed previously in barley, although the translocation efficiency was somewhat less in parrot feather. Solvation parameters were applied to model uptake and translocation of a set of ten compounds by barley with the particular objective of understanding why translocation efficiency is lower at log K(ow) > 1.8. 相似文献
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研究5种收割强度对粉绿狐尾藻生长和水质的影响,为沉水植物调控管理提供参考。设不收割组作为对照组,收割组收割强度分别为株高的15%、30%、45%、60%和75%。将收割的植物称量干重和鲜重,统计株高、分枝数,测定新生枝条的恢复长度。每次收割前1 d对所有处理组的水样进行水质测定。结果表明:(1)收割对粉绿狐尾藻枝条生长恢复和株高影响显著(P<0.01)。对照组最终株高最高,达到187.0 cm,并在水面形成冠层。第1次收割后20 d,低强度(15%和30%)收割组恢复或超过收割前水平,中强度(45%)收割组枝条全部恢复,但高强度(60%和75%)收割组的恢复率明显低于低、中强度收割组,恢复率分别为80.68%和62.00%。第2次收割后20 d,15%和30%收割组的粉绿狐尾藻全部恢复,45%收割组的恢复率为91.44%,高强度收割组的恢复率明显降低,恢复率分别为76.09%和42.22%,至实验结束时高强度收割组都未恢复。随着收割频次的增加,枝条恢复的时间延长。(2)收割减少了粉绿狐尾藻分枝数。对照组分枝数最高,达到6.9枝/株,15%~75%收割组分别为4.3、4.0、3.6、2.2和1.8枝/株。(3)收割显著降低了粉绿狐尾藻的生物量(P<0.01)。15%~75%收割组的生物量分别下降为对照组的10.11%、3.23%、2.47%、2.29%和0.80%。(4)粉绿狐尾藻收割对水质影响显著。收割后,水体中总氮、总磷浓度降低,且收割强度与收割次数对氮磷浓度影响显著(P<0.01)。与第1次收割相比,第2次收割后,15%收割组总氮、总磷浓度分别较前次下降13.63%和24.82%,30%收割组下降12.90%和22.87%,45%收割组下降8.24%和25.04%,高强度(60%和75%)收割组下降6.66%和34.91、9.64%和17.64%。收割强度会对水体中悬浮颗粒物(SS)和叶绿素(Chl-a)有影响,高强度收割使得水体中的SS和Chl-a含量明显升高。收割对控制粉绿狐尾藻生长效果明显,结合水质指标,以低强度收割2~3次为宜。 相似文献
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Ute?FeilerEmail author Ilona?Kirchesch Peter?Heininger 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(4):261-266
Background, Goal and Scope To date, standardised bioassays for the assessment of the ecotoxicological potential in sediments and dredged material use
test organisms like bacteria, algae and crustaceae. This paper presents the development and application of a novel sediment
contact test (whole sediment) withMyriophyllum aquaticum, a representative of rooted aquatic macrophytes. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the value of a sediment contact
test with rooted macrophytes as a supplement to existing test batteries in order to improve the assessment of sediment toxicity.
Methods The newly developed sediment contact test withMyriophylhim aquaticum was applied to natural whole sediments. For performing the test, whorls ofMyriophyllum aquaticum were directly planted in the native sediment and incubated in the light at 24°C (cf. section results and discussion). The
end points of the test were the number of the shoots and the fresh weight of the whole plants. The duckweed growth inhibition
test withLemna minor according to ISO/DIS 20079 was performed in pore waters from sediment samples. The results of the sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum were compared with each other and with those of the aquatic duckweed test.
Results and Discussion A test protocol for the new plant-based sediment contact test using the aquatic plantMyriophyllum aquaticum as an indicator was developed. The best control sediment proved to be the OECD sediment (OECD 207). A test period of 10 days
appeared to be sufficient for the test. The increase of biomass and the derived growth rate were found to be the most suitable
evaluation parameters. The growth behaviour ofMyriophyllum aquaticum differed depending on the origin of sediments. Therefore, plant-affecting contamination, that is bound in sediments, was
indicated.
Conclusions The novel sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum can indicate phytotoxic effects in sediments. Therefore, it allows a better assessment of the overall-toxicity in whole sediments.
Recommendations and Outlook The sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum is a valuable tool for the evaluation of the ecotoxicological risk potential of waters and sediments. It should become a
complement to a standardised test battery generally used for the assessment of sediment toxicity. 相似文献
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为探索狐尾藻对重金属铜的积累和耐性机制,本研究通过水培试验,研究不同浓度铜处理(0、20、50 mg·L-1)对狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)生长生理特性以及叶片表皮细胞形态的影响,分析各器官中铜吸收转运及铜在各组织器官亚细胞中的分布和化学形态。结果表明:各浓度铜处理下狐尾藻均能存活,但铜浓度高于50 mg·L-1时,狐尾藻根、茎、叶生物量相比对照(铜 0 mg·L-1)处理降低53.48%、36.99%和32.22%。铜处理后,狐尾藻根、茎和叶铜含量分别为11.81~186.34、1.32~7.89、2.11~11.99 mg·kg-1,根系中铜含量均高于叶片和茎部。铜在狐尾藻中的亚细胞分布主要位于根、茎、叶的细胞壁部分(36.49%~49.61%、45.44%~49.92%、41.45%~55.92%),其次是可溶性组分(21.65%~25.99%、23.03%~27.65%、18.01%~34.63%)。狐尾藻中铜的赋存化学形态以盐酸提取态、醋酸提取态和乙醇提取态为主,所占比例为76.34%~86.67%,均是活性较低的形态。因此,狐尾藻是铜富集较好的植物,其根部的耐性大于茎、叶。铜以吸附态或蛋白质、果胶酸盐等低活性形态赋存于细胞壁或可溶性组分(液泡)中是狐尾藻积累和耐受铜的重要机制。 相似文献
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Kurt D Getsinger David G Petty John D Madsen John G Skogerboe Bruce A Houtman William T Haller Alison M Fox 《Pest management science》2000,56(5):388-400
A study of the aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt of triclopyr (3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was conducted in three bays of Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota. Triclopyr is under review by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a selective aquatic herbicide. The primary purpose of this study was to determine dissipation rates of the parent active ingredient, triclopyr, and its major metabolites, 3,5,6‐trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine (TMP) in selected matrices including water, sediment, plants, finfish and shellfish. Two 6.5‐ha plots dominated by the weedy species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L) were treated with triclopyr‐triethylammonum at a rate of 2.5 mg AE liter−1 (2.5 ppm) on 21–23 June 1994. A third 6.5‐ha plot was established as an untreated reference. Water and sediment samples were collected from within the plots and at selected locations up to 1600 m outside of the plots through six weeks post‐treatment for chemical residue analysis. In addition, residue samples were collected from the target and non‐target plants and other non‐target matrices, including game and rough fish, clams and crayfish. All test animals were sequestered in cages located in the center of each plot and samples were collected through four weeks post‐treatment. Half‐lives for dissipation of triclopyr and TCP in water ranged from 3.7 to 4.7 days and from 4.2 to 7.9 days, respectively, with trace amounts of TMP found. Peak triclopyr sediment values ranged from 257 to 335 ng gram−1, with a mean half‐life of 5.4 days, while peak TCP sediment levels ranged from 27 to 65 ng gram−1 (mean half−life = 11.0 days). Trace levels of TMP were detected at one treatment site at one sampling event. Triclopyr and TCP accumulated and cleared from animal tissues proportionately to concentrations in the water (triclopyr dissipation half‐lives <11 days, TCP < 14 days). TMP levels were two to three times higher than those of the other compounds, particularly in visceral tissue. In all cases, residues of these compounds were higher in the inedible portions of the animals, and were usually higher in bottom‐feeding fish species. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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