华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate chitinase gene from Trichoderma atroviride strain SS003. [Method] With the aeciospore wall of armandii pine blister rust as inducer, chitinase gene was induced to express in Trichoderma atroviride cells. The cDNA fragment of chitinase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. [Result] The activity of chitinase induced reached 40.17 μg/10 min; and the specific fragment amplified was 834 bp in length and proved to be the fragment of chitinase gene by sequencing and sequence analysis. [Conclusion] The result showed the feasibility of isolating the full length of chitinase gene and its transformation, and further producing chitinase.     

菌生真菌Olpitrichum africanum寄生性初步研究

对Olpitrichum africanum (Saccas)Zhang et Li com. nov.的寄生性研究结果表明:(1)O.africamm是一种接触性活体营养菌生真菌,它产生球形或指形的吸收细胞从寄主真菌上取得营养;(2)O.africanum的寄主范围较广,能在镰刀菌属、链格孢属和芽枝霉属的17种真菌上寄生;(3)O.africaunm不能生长在缺乏寄主的GYA培养基上,当在GYA培养基上加寄生菌的菌丝提取液时,可以在GYA培养基上获得它的纯培养;(4)O.africanum对营养的要求较特殊,它仅在酵母浸汁和葡萄糖或果糖为氮源和碳源的培养基上生长.     

甲霜灵对谷子白发病菌卵孢子重寄生真菌-半裸镰孢菌的毒力测定

研究以谷子白发病菌卵孢子上重寄生真菌-半裸镰孢菌为供试菌株,采用室内菌丝生长速率法、比色法等测定甲霜灵对半裸镰孢菌菌丝生长、细胞膜透性、甘油、胞外多糖和草酸含量的影响。结果表明：35%甲霜灵对半裸镰孢菌的EC50值为20.33 μg/mL;经20 μg/mL和40 μg/mL的35%甲霜灵处理后病原菌菌丝多数弯曲、有不规则突起结构、菌丝生长形态遭到破坏。经20 μg/mL 35%甲霜灵处理后半裸镰孢菌相对电导率显著增加,且甘油含量为15.80 mg/g,较CK处理显著增加了3.16倍。经20 μg/mL 35%甲霜灵处理后半裸镰孢菌的胞外多糖和草酸含量分别为60.26 μg/mL和0.07 μg/mL,较CK处理显著降低了84.44%和73.08%。本研究进一步明确甲霜灵对半裸镰孢菌的影响,为有效防控谷子白发病菌在田间发病率,提高经济和生态效益奠定理论基础。     

国内研究植物锈菌重寄生菌的现状

综述了国内有关植物锈菌重寄生菌在生物防治中的应用及其研究进展。     

Survival of Coniothyrium minitans associated with sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil

The development and survival of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans associated with sclerotia of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied in pasteurised and non-sterile (untreated) soil. Using scanning electron microscopy, developing pycnidia were first seen within the sclerotial medulla at 7 days post-inoculation with the mycoparasite in pasteurised soil. However, by 14 days post-inoculation, pycnidia had developed fully in both pasteurised and non-pasteurised treatments, and conidial droplets were exuded onto the outer surface of the infected sclerotia. Thirty days post-inoculation, irrespective of soil treatment, the majority of the sclerotial medulla had been converted to pycnidia, with the sclerotial rind remaining largely intact. The pycnidia and dried intact droplets were still observed 6 months post-inoculation with C. minitans, although the conidia on the outer surface of the dried droplets had largely collapsed by this stage. Germinability studies at 10 months post-inoculation showed that approximately 13% of the conidia in dried droplets were still viable. This work shows the potential for infected sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum to provide a unique reservoir for the survival of C. minitans.     

石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生现象及其重寄生菌的种类鉴定1）

研究了昆明地区石楠锈孢锈菌（ Aecidium pourthiaea）上的重寄生现象并对重寄生菌进行了分离、回接验证和鉴定。结果显示：石楠锈孢锈上的重寄生菌在7月底逐渐发生,其自然重寄生率从10月中旬开始快速增长,12月中旬达到高峰。石楠锈孢锈的重寄生菌包括链格孢属（ Alternaria spp．）、拟盘多毛孢属（ Pestalotiopsis spp．）、枝孢属（Cladosporium spp．）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium spp．）、木霉属（Trichoderma sp．）的真菌及粉红单端孢（Tri-chothecium roseum）等多种,其中重寄生效果及对锈菌寄主植物安全性最好的菌株为拟盘多毛孢属的SYP22菌株和枝孢属的SYC23菌株。     

Suppression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</Emphasis> by antifungal substances produced by the mycoparasite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coniothyrium minitans</Emphasis>

A study was conducted to investigate production of antifungal substances (AFS) by Coniothyrium minitans (Cm), a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), in modified Czapek-Dox (MCD) broth and potato dextrose broth (PDB), and effects of AFS of Cm on mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia and ascospores of Ss and incidence of leaf blight of oilseed rape caused by Ss. Results showed that mycelial growth of Ss was reduced by 41.6 and 84.5% on 3 day-old cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 10% (v v⁻¹) of cultural filtrates of Cm grown in MCD (MCD_cm) after incubation for 6 and 15 days, respectively, and by 2.7 and 15.7% on PDA amended with 10% (v v⁻¹) of cultural filtrates of Cm grown in PDB for 6 and 15 days, respectively. In addition to retardation of mycelial growth, morphological abnormality of Ss such as hyphal swellings and cytoplasm granulation were also observed in colonies grown on PDA amended with cultural filtrates of MCD_cm. Sclerotia of Ss soaked in the filtrates of MCD_cm for 24 h remained viable, but their ability to undergo myceliogenic germination on PDA was delayed, compared to sclerotia treated with MCD. Germination of ascospores of Ss was unaffected on PDA amended with 10% of the filtrates of MCD_cm. However, germ tubes of Ss were shortened and deformed by the formation of hyphal swellings in the treatment of MCD_cm. Treatment of leaves of oilseed rape with cultural filtrates of MCD_cm reduced incidence of leaf blight caused by Ss, compared to the controls (water or MCD). This study suggests that AFS produced by Cm plays an important role in the suppression of mycelial growth and germ-tube development of ascospores of Ss and that there is potential for using AFS of Cm to control leaf blight of oilseed rape caused by ascospores of Ss.     

华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆

[目的]分离深绿木霉S5003中的几丁质酶基因,为获得高抗病的转基因植株奠定基础。[方法]采用华山松疱锈病的锈孢子壁作为诱导物,诱导深绿木霉SS003中几丁质酶基因的表达,并通过lit—PER方法扩增得到几丁质酶基因片段。[结果]锈孢子壁可诱导出高活性（40．17μg／10min）的几丁质酶,PCR扩增得到了长度为834bp的特异片段,经序列测定及分析显示该片段为几丁质酶基因片段。[结论]深绿木霉SS003的几丁质酶基因片段的获得,为分离全长基因以及进一步利用该基因生产几丁质酶以及进行基因转化提供了可能。