淯江河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林生物量及5种营养元素含量分配格局研究

对淯江河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林生物量以及5种营养元素含量的分配格局进行了研究。结果表明:淯江河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林单位面积的总生物量为98 672.01 kg/hm2,其竹株各器官生物量所占的比例分别为秆78.76%、枝7.37%、叶5.05%、根1.49%、蔸7.33%。其竹株各器官的5种营养元素含量均不相同,以代谢旺盛的竹叶含量最高。5种营养元素总含量在硬头黄竹竹株各器官中由大到小排序依次为叶42.62g/kg、蔸26.92g/kg、根24.99 g/kg、枝22.75 g/kg、秆21.83 g/kg。该竹林单位面积N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种营养元素贮存总量为2 323.2 kg/hm2,其中K的贮存量最高为908.0 kg/hm2占39.1%,其次N为864.6 g/hm2占37.2%,Ca、P和Mg的贮存量仅占其总量的20%左右。     

利用"四旁"空地发展黄竹生产

简要阐述黄竹的林学特性及三大效益,分析黄竹生产的现状和形势,提出在“四旁(”宅旁、村旁、路旁、水旁)发展黄竹生产的技术措施与对策。     

杜松赤枯病防治技术的研究

由Cercospora sequoiae var.juniperi引起的杜松赤枯病在黑龙江省分布比较普遍。两季发病严重,能导致被害株死亡。6月中旬至7月上旬喷药。在双效灵、甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和多菌灵三种农药中,以50％多菌灵,用量为70ml/a时,防治效果最好。     

硬枝碱蓬HPLC指纹图谱建立及模式识别研究

为了对硬枝碱蓬样品质量进行评价,采用高效液相色谱法对9个不同采集地的硬枝碱蓬样品进行测定,建立指纹图谱,并结合中药相似度软件和主成分分析法进行模式识别研究。结果表明,试验确定的最佳条件为:提取溶剂为100%甲醇,用量为15 m L,流速为1.0 m L/min,色谱进样时间为20 min,流动相为甲醇(A)-水(B),采用100%甲醇等度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm。精密度试验、重现性试验、稳定性试验测定结果的相似度均在0.9以上,本研究所建立的基于主成分分析的模式识别方法准确可靠;中药相似度软件能够对不同地点的硬枝碱蓬材料进行区分,不同产地硬枝碱蓬的差异可清晰地显示出来。     

Contribution of Adventitious Roots to Water Use Strategy of Juniperus sabina in a Semiarid Area of China

duniperus sabina Linnaeus, an evergreen shrub with prostrate life form, can effectively prevent sand moving and is an important tree species for reforestation in semiarid areas of China. It has laterally distributed adventitious roots and a deeply distributed main root system. To detect water movement between the main root system and adventitious roots, we adopted heat pulse sensors using the Heat Ratio Method, a high precision method for measuring low sap flow rates. Two sensors were implanted in each individual in the stem between the main root system and adventitious roots, and another two in lateral stems distal to all the roots. Positive sap flows during nighttime, even under saturated air moisture conditions, were detected only between the main root system and adventitious roots under drought conditions, and the rate of flow increased as drought progressed and decreased or disappeared after rain events. The results demonstrated the existence of water movement from the main root system to adventitious roots, and combined with the high contribution of nighttime sap flow to transpiration （11%-16%） the results indicate that it also involves the process of hydraulic lift, a water movement from moist subsoil to dry surface soils. Integrated water use strategy between the main root system and adventitious roots via the process of hydraulic lift of soil water maximizes water acquisition efficiency from both subsoil water and water from rain pulses on the soil surface; this increases survivability in the water-limited environment of semiarid areas.     

采自烟台市的南方根结线虫的描述

在烟台市西沙旺苗圃内的剑麻Agaverigida上发现一种根结线虫 ,经鉴定为南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita。该种根结线虫的主要鉴定特征为雌虫口针的基部球横向宽 ,背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离近 ,会阴花纹多数呈六边形 ,背弓中等到高 ,多为方形 ,背线平滑或稍有波浪 ,侧线不明显。雄虫头冠前缘稍有凹陷 ,口针基球横向宽 ,前缘平或向后斜 ,与基杆界限明显 ,背食道腺开口距口针基球的距离很短。二龄幼虫直肠有的膨大明显 ,但在大多数标本中看不到膨大 ,尾透明末端界限明显或不太明显 ,指状 ,末端钝圆。与南方根结线虫的典型群体相比 ,该群体的雌虫和雄虫的口针都偏小。     

Drought and fire suppression lead to rapid forest composition change in a forest-prairie ecotone

Altered fire regimes and increased drought can lead to major vegetation changes, especially in ecotones. A decrease in fire can lead to woody species encroachment in prairies and increasing forest stand density. The threat of global climate change raises questions about potential increases in the length, severity, and incidence of droughts substantially altering species composition. Re-measured upland forests in south-central North America's midcontinent forest-prairie ecotone exhibited major changes in woody species composition and structure over fifty years and successional trajectories appeared to favor invasive Juniperus virginiana L. over the previous dominant Quercus species. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate and fire exclusion affected the recruitment history of dominant woody species in these upland forests located near the xeric western edge of the eastern deciduous forest biome of North America. We removed cores and cross-sections from 992 J. virginiana, Quercus marilandica Münchh. and Q. stellata Wangenh. trees from eleven forest stands located across central and northwest Oklahoma, and determined their ages using standard dendrochronological methods. Recruitment of all species increased following a severe mid-20th century drought, but a rapid increase in J. virginiana recruitment and decrease in Quercus recruitment appeared to be linked to a decrease in fire. Future fire regime changes and increased drought due to global climate change could lead to widespread shifts from Quercus- to Juniperus- dominated forests and cause substantial changes to ecosystem services.     

洛基山刺柏的引种繁育及苗期生长规律研究

通过几年的试验观测研究，认为洛基山刺柏较当地乡土树种祁连圆柏是速生的树种。扦插成活率远远高于祁连圆柏，通过其生长规律的研究，加强速生期的管理，有望为我省增加一种新的优良观赏生态树种。     

模拟城市SO2污染对晚松生理特性的影响

以2年生晚松盆栽苗为供试材料,从抗大气环境中SO₂污染方面对晚松的抗逆能力进行了定量评价,为晚松的园林应用提供理论依据。研究表明,晚松叶绿素a、b对模拟SO₂污染反应敏感,叶绿素b所受伤害大于叶绿素a,类胡萝卜素较不敏感。过氧化物酶活性的提高有助于减轻膜脂过氧化造成的伤害,从而使其在SO₂污染胁迫较轻(10 mmol/L)时免受伤害。