β- 氨基丁酸诱导甜( 辣) 椒抗疫病作用的研究

 报道了用β- 氨基丁酸( DL-β-aminon-butyric acid, BABA) 喷雾处理辣椒叶片和茎后的诱导抗疫病作用。研究证明: 高浓度BABA ( 1 000 g/mL) 对离体辣椒疫霉病菌无抗菌活性, 用其喷雾处理辣椒的茎叶所诱导的抗疫病作用可完全控制其危害; 用BABA 诱导处理后3 d 接种辣椒疫霉病菌, 辣椒植株开始表达出较高的诱导抗性, 这种抗病作用可持续20 d 以上, 并表现出与数量抗病性相似的特性。     

The use of Verticillium dahliae and Diplodia scrobiculata to induce resistance in Pinus halepensis against Diplodia pinea infection

The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%).     

水杨酸诱导水稻幼苗抗瘟性的生化机制

 以0.01mM水杨酸(SA)喷雾处理或稻瘟菌孢子悬浮液接种稻苗后,叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和定位于细胞不同部位的过氧化物酶(POD),特别是与细胞壁结合的POD和细胞间隙POD的活性迅速升高,但没有明显的新POD同功酶带出现。同时叶片中木质素含量迅速增加。在SA处理后的稻叶中提取到能抑制稻瘟菌分生孢子萌发、含有Momilactone A的抑菌物质,并检测到分子量分别为48、52、59、106.5KDa的碱性病程相关蛋白(PRs)。这些生化指标的时序变化与SA诱导抗瘟性的表现相吻合。对SA诱导水稻幼苗抗瘟性的可能生化机理作了归纳。     

玉曲河流域裂腹鱼类游泳能力研究及其在过鱼设施设计中的应用

为探究玉曲河流域裂腹鱼类的游泳能力,给过鱼设施建设和鱼类游泳行为学提供基础参数,本研究以该流域优势物种怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensis)、贡山裂腹鱼(S. gongshanensis)为研究对象,在野外现场采用游泳能力测试水槽对裂腹鱼的感应流速、临界游泳速度、突进游泳速度及持续游泳速度、耐久游泳速度进行测定。测试结果表明：怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼的绝对感应流速相近,分别为0.18±0.01 m/s、0.18±0.06 m/s。怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼的绝对临界游泳速度分别为1.05±0.12 m/s、1.11±0.14 m/s,绝对突进游泳速度分别为1.45±0.26 m/s、1.40±0.21 m/s。二者的相对临界游泳速度分别为8.47±0.95 BL/s、9.21±2.45 BL/s,相对突进游泳速度均突破了十倍体长,分别为11.90±2.31 BL/s、10.80±3.16 BL/s。测得的怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼最大持续游泳速度均为0.63 m/s,怒江裂腹鱼和贡山裂腹鱼最大耐久游泳速度分别为0.93 m/s、0.73 m/s。当以怒江裂腹鱼、贡山裂腹鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议鱼道入口及竖缝处流速1.05～1.40 m/s,过鱼设施内部的整体平均流速设计范围为0.24～1.05 m/s,以及休息池主流流速为0.18～1.05 m/s。本研究结果可为西藏玉曲河流域过鱼设施的设计提供参考,对该流域的鱼类资源保护具有重要意义。     

烟草黑胫病生物防治的研究进展

随着烟草生产向无公害发展,黑胫病作为烟草生产上的主要病害之一,其生物防治取得了较大的进展。笔者就其育种、生防菌、寻找抗病基因、筛选细胞突变体,诱导抗性和轮作等方面的研究进行综述,以期为烟草黑胫病的生物防治提供参考。     

Vitamin C enhanced myocardial differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells

AIM: In order to observe the myocardial differentiation capacity of the dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells treated with vitamin C in vitro. METHODS: DFAT cells were dedifferentiated from the mature rat adipocytes with ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells of passage 3 were used in the study. Vitamin C and/or neonatal rat heart tissue lysate were added into the culture medium to induce myocardial differentiation for 3 weeks. The cell morphology was observed under microscope. The myocardial-specific markers, such as cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5, were examined by the methods of immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Mature rat adipocytes dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like DFAT cells after ceiling adherent culture. The DFAT cells spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells under normal culture condition with a low incidence. After treated with neonatal rat heart cell lysate, the DFAT cells became cardiomyocyte-like cells that had bigger size, longer shape and myotubule-structure. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was remarkably increased at both mRNA and protein levels as compared with the normal cultured DFAT cells. The expression of cTnT, GATA-4 and NKx2.5 was further increased in DFAT cells after treating with vitamin C. No spontaneous beating cell was observed. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C enhances the differentiation of DFAT cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.     

农业技术模式转换与对策探讨——以河南省欠发达平原农业区为例

面对当前农村劳动力转移给农业发展带来的挑战和机遇,转换农业技术模式尤为重要.采用理论分析和调查访谈相结合的方法,得出河南欠发达平原农业区农业技术模式转换必须结合本地实际,遵循诱致性轨迹,注重转换过渡模式,即以农民社会资本为纽带进行土地流转,形成土地适度渐进规模经营,以村集体、宗族等为核心发展种子、生物科技、中小型机械设...     

Mutation Techniques for Gene Discovery and Crop Improvement

One of the most important breakthroughs in the history of genetics ）was the discovery that mutations can be artificially induced in organisms （van Harten, 1998）. Artificially induced mutations, by physical and chemical mutagens, have greatly advanced the understanding of genetics of higher organisms. Starting in the late 1960＇s, the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） and the Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations sponsored extensive research on mutation induction and their application to breeding of food and indnstrial crops that resulted in the introduction of new varieties of rice, wheat, barley, apples, citrus, sugar cane, banana, and others （more than 2 500 officially released new varieties are to be found in the FAO/IAEA Mutant Varieties Database） （hitp：//www-mvd.iaea.org/MVD/default.htm）. However, the usefulness of mutation techniques has been underappreciated in research communities, particularly during the last decade, when more and more researchers and breeders were rushing into molecular marker techniques and transgenic plants. In this paper, after a brief review of the past accomplishments of mutation induction and its application, we discuss the uniqueness of induced mutations in gene discovery and how to integrate induced mutants into functional genomics programs;     

植物诱导抗病性的研究进展

从植株诱导处理后发生的一系列生理变化、植物体内多种抗病防卫反应间的相互关系等方面对植物诱导抗病性作了概括性介绍。     

诱发籼稻早、晚双向熟期突变的研究

在同一品种的辐射M_2代中,一般可同时出现早、晚双向熟期的突变,且后者的突变率高于前者分别为1.39％和2.67％。突变体提早和延迟的天数两者基本接近(11.5d对10.3d)。早晚双向突变体,由于其熟期发生了相反方向的改变,因而在一定程度上株高、每穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状也发生了双向变异,且达到显著水平。