假叶树组织培养植物激素应用筛选试验

采用假叶树的幼嫩茎段为外植体组织培养,对加入适合的植物激素作筛选试验,结果表明：MS＋ZT 2.0 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1培养基愈伤组织的诱导率最高;MS＋ZT 1.5 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1培养基分化不定芽效果最佳,并且在MS＋ZT 1.0 mg·L^-1-1.5 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1培养基上继代增殖培养增殖系数可达4-5倍;不定芽在1/2MS＋NAA 1.0＋1.5 g·L^-1活性炭的培养基上,生根率达100%;生根小苗移栽珍珠岩与泥炭土（1∶1）基质上,成活率达95%以上。     

Experimental infections with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) on threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and juvenile Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp

Experimental infections with Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) were established on threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., juvenile pink, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), and chum, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), salmon. The prevalence and abundance of infections were initially higher on sticklebacks than on either salmon species. The initial prevalence and intensity of infections on chum salmon were higher than those on pink salmon, and declined on both species during louse development. The rate of parasite development to adult stages was similar on all species although development beyond the preadult stage was not observed on sticklebacks. These results confirm previous field observations on the occurrence and development of L. salmonis on threespine sticklebacks.     

假叶树的组织培养

在假叶树组织培养过程中,各种激素的质量浓度;在愈伤组织阶段,细胞分裂素ＺＴ以１．０、生长素ＮＡＡ以０．３为宜;分化阶段,细胞分裂素ＢＡ以１．０或ＺＴ以０．５、生长素ＮＡＡ以０．１为宜;生根阶段以０．３％活性炭,不加任何激素重要有效果最好。     

Distribution of Megastigmus aculeatus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and the levels of seed predation of Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae)

Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Rosaceae), an invasive plant that currently infests millions of hectares in the eastern half of the USA, was planted initially in the 1940s as a “living fence”, cover for game animals and for erosion control. The larvae of Megastigmus aculeatus var. nigroflavus Hoffmeyer (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) feed on the developing R. multiflora seeds and have the potential to reduce the seed output of R. multiflora. Rosehips were collected from 49 sites across eastern and southern Iowa, USA, to determine the presence and distribution of M. aculeatus, the larvae of which were found in 266 of the 979 (27%) rosehips that were dissected and at 31 of the 49 sites (63%) that were sampled. The levels of M. aculeatus infestation over 2–3 years were determined at three selected sites and it was documented that more seeds were aborted than were viable or contained wasp larvae. A negative relationship was observed between the numbers of both the aborted and the viable seeds and the probability of a rosehip being attacked by M. aculeatus, indicating that M. aculeatus females are not preferentially selecting rosehips with higher numbers of viable or aborted seeds for oviposition. There is a significant reduction in both the viable seeds and the aborted seeds in hips that have been attacked by M. aculeatus. Detailed knowledge of R. multiflora demography is necessary to determine the level of seed predation that is required to reduce the recruitment of new individuals into the population.     

四川铁路口岸首次从美国白蜡木中截获刺海小蠹

四川口岸从美国进口白蜡木板材中首次截获外来有害生物刺海小蠹。本文叙述了刺海小蠹的鉴定特征、生物学特性、危害情况，并对防治进行了介绍。     

两株纤维素降解真菌的分离鉴定及其产纤维素酶酶学性质的初步研究

从纤维素富集的环境中采集82个落叶层下面的土壤和腐朽的树木样品,经过初筛获得大约3500株纤维素降解真菌,二次筛选后得到16株纤维素酶活性较高的真菌.以Avicel为底物,测定16株纤维素降解真菌的粗酶活性,发现真菌菌株S10和X5对Avicel有明显的活性,分别为0.119IU/mL、0.025IU/mL.通过形态学观察和rDNA的ITS(内转录间隔区)序列分析,菌株S10被鉴定为针尾曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus),菌株X5为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum).对针尾曲霉S10和草酸青霉X5的粗纤维素酶的酶学性质进行初步研究,发现粗酶活性最高的最适pH值分别为5.0、6.0,最适反应温度分别为50～60℃、45～50℃.     

“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长及其酶活性的影响

研究旨在考察饲料中添加不同水平的“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长、消化酶及非特异免疫活性的影响。将野生大刺鳅子一代(Mastacembelus aculeatus)幼鱼随机分成4 组,每组3 个平行,其中1 组为饲喂鳗鲡配合饲料的对照组,另外3 组分别为饲喂添加0.1%、0.5%、1.0%“百草霜”鳗鲡配合饲料的试验组,水温26~28℃,溶解氧5.0~6.0 mg/L,pH 6.5~7.5,饲养周期为56 天。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加0.5%“百草霜”对大刺鳅增重率和特定生长率分别提高了24.76%和16.18%(P<0.05),而0.1%组饲料系数降低了30.23%(P<0.05)。添加“百草霜”未影响大刺鳅成活率(P>0.05)。胃蛋白酶在0.5%组最高(P<0.05);肠道及肝脏淀粉酶活力随着“百草霜”浓度的增大均呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中0.1%组效果最好,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。非特异性免疫指标的测定结果显示：添加0.1%和0.5%的大刺鳅肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肝脏过氧化氢酶活性在0.1%组达到最大(P<0.05),各组肝脏SOD、AKP、ACP与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述研究表明,饲料中添加剂量为0.1%~0.5%的“百草霜”能显著提高大刺鳅酶活性,满足生长需求。     

产甘露聚糖酶的棘孢曲霉常温保存研究

[目的]探讨各种常温保存法对产甘露聚糖酶的棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus Nakazawa QH1）孢子存活率及生物特性的影响。[方法]利用悬液保存法、无菌水法和甘油保存法分别对棘孢曲霉孢子进行常温保存研究,定期对其存活率和生物特性进行检测。[结果]采用无菌水保存法保存棘孢曲霉时的存活率高,被保存的菌种更易存活。[结论]该研究为更好地保存真菌菌种提供了科学依据。     

Effect of diet on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)

Background Elevated concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)‐D) were diagnosed in captive short‐beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) from three different zoological facilities within Australia. Results The mean serum 25(OH)‐D concentration in the wild echidnas was 24.7 nmol/L and was significantly higher in captive echidnas from all three facilities: Facility 1, mean 335.5 nmol/L (P < 0.001); Facility 2, mean 187.2 nmol/L (P = 0.003); Facility 3, mean 194 nmol/L (P = 0.005). Animals did not appear to have clinical manifestations of vitamin D toxicosis. The increased serum 25(OH)‐D concentration was attributed to excessive dietary intake and a reduction in the amount of vitamin D₃ in the diet of echidnas from Facility 1 resulted in a marked decrease in the serum 25(OH)‐D concentrations (mean 33 nmol/L). The reduction in serum 25(OH)‐D concentration was statistically significant (P = 0.002) and the resulting concentrations were similar to those of wild echidnas (P = 0.212). Conclusion It is not known what effect an elevated serum 25(OH)‐D concentration has on echidnas.