烯唑醇的顺反立体异构体分析方法研究

通过气相色谱和高效液相色谱法研究分析了烯唑醇的顺/反异构体分离方法.正相和反相HPLC的条件如下不锈钢柱200 mm×5 mm(i.d.),填料YWG-Si 10 μm,流动相正己烷-异丙醇为95+5(V/V)或者用正己烷-无水乙醚-无水甲醇89+9+2(V/V),流速2.0 mL·min-1,检测波长254 nm;不锈钢柱200 mm×5 mm(i.d.),填料YWG-C1810 μm,流动相甲醇-水-乙酸为70+30+0.35(V/V),流速1.0 mL·min-1.气相色谱的条件熔融石英毛细管柱10m×0.53 mm×1.0 μm膜厚,用聚乙二醇-20000涂渍,柱温160℃,进样口和检测器温度250℃,载气H216 mL·min-1.在上述气相色谱的条件下,烯唑醇顺/反异构体能达到部分分离.     

Anti-Obese Effect of Glucosamine and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Objective: This study is to evaluate the anti-obese effects of glucosamine (GLC) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into twelve groups: a normal diet group (NF), a high-fat diet group (HF), Orlistat group, GLC high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (GLC-H, GLC-M, GLC-L), COS1 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤1000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS1-H, COS1-M, COS1-L), and COS2 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤3000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS2-H, COS2-M, COS2-L). All groups received oral treatment by gavage once daily for a period of six weeks. Results: Rats fed with COS1 gained the least weight among all the groups (P < 0.01), and these rats lost more weight than those treated with Orlistat. In addition to the COS2-H and Orlistat groups, the serum total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to the HF group (P < 0.01). The various doses of GLC, COS1 and COS2 reduced the expression levels of PPARγ and LXRα mRNA in the white adipose tissue. Conclusions: The results above demonstrated that GLC, COS1, and COS2 improved dyslipidemia and prevented body weight gains by inhibiting the adipocyte differentiation in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Thus, these agents may potentially be used to treat obesity.     

毛细管气相色谱法分析复硝酚钠水剂

本文采用毛细管气相色谱法,选用一根ＦＦＡＰ为固定液的毛细管柱,以邻苯二甲酸二丙酯为内标物,ＦＩＤ检测器,分离和测定复硝酚钠水剂中邻硝基苯酚钠、对硝基苯酚钠、５－硝基邻甲氧基苯酚钠。样品经酸化,用乙酸乙酯萃取,测得复硝酚钠水剂中的有效成分邻硝基苯酚、对硝基苯酚、５－硝基邻甲氧基苯酚的标准偏差分别为：０．０１５、０．０１６、０．００９;变异系数分别为：２．３４％、１．２２％、２．８８％;回收率均在９８．４～１００．２％。     

氟虫腈在番茄和土壤中残留分析方法的研究

建立氟虫腈(fipronil)在番茄和土壤中的残留分析方法.样品以乙腈提取,中性氧化铝(含活性炭)柱层析净化,气相色谱测定.氟虫腈的最小检测量为2×10-14g,最低检测浓度为2.5 ng·kg-1.番茄中氟虫腈的添加回收率(0.005～0.5 mg·kg-1)为82.36%～90.38%,变异系数分别为5.76%～9.62%;土壤中的添加回收率(0.005～0.5mg·kg-1)为80.20%～86.20%,变异系数分别为4.15%～8.15%.该方法的准确性、灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求.     

丁硫克百威(Marshal)在苹果和土壤中的残留动态研究

为了制订丁硫克百威在苹果上安全使用标准 ,采用田间试验方法研究了丁硫克百威及其有毒代谢物在苹果和土壤中的残留动态 ,应用GLC法测定了丁硫克百威及其代谢物在苹果和土壤中的残留量。两年的试验结果表明 ,丁硫克百威在苹果和土壤中消解较快 ,其半衰期分别为2.7～3.2d和3.5～4.2d。施药浓度为2000倍 ,使用3次 ,末次施药距收获时间隔30d ,丁硫克百威及其代谢物在苹果中总残留量低于0.004mg/kg,在土壤中为0.319mg/kg,丁硫克百威属易降解农药 (T1/2<30d)。     

硫双威在棉花和土壤中的残留动态研究

为了制订硫双威在棉花上安全使用标准，采用田间试验方法研究了硫双威在棉叶上和土壤中的残留动态，应用ＧＬＣ法测定了棉叶、棉籽和土壤中的残留量。试验结果表明，硫双威在棉叶和土壤中的半衰期分别为３ｄ和９ｄ。施药量（有效成分）为６７５ｇ／ｈｍ２和３３７．５ｇ／ｈｍ２，施药３次，末次施药距采样间隔３０ｄ，硫双威在棉籽中残留量分别为０．０７５－０．１０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．０５５－０．０６９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，在土壤中残留量分别为０．１５６－０．１８７ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．０３０－０．０４５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。硫双威属易降解农药（Ｔ１／２＜３０ｄ），按推荐计量（３３７．５ｇ／ｈｍ２）使用３次是安全的     

甲基毒死蜱在甘蓝及土壤上的残留动态研究

采用气相色谱(GLC-FPD)分析技术测定了甲基毒死蜱在甘蓝及土壤上的残留消解动态和最终残留量。喷施40%雷丹乳油(有效成分,720g·hm-2)测出甘蓝和土壤上的原始沉积量分别为5.82mg·kg-1和2.12mg·kg-1,半衰期为0.4d和1.4d,对甘蓝施药3次,最后一次施药距采收7d,测得甘蓝上残留量为0.02mg·kg-1。甲基毒死蜱属于易降解农药。     

烯唑醇的顺反立体异构体分析方法研究

通过气相色谱和高效液相色谱法研究分析了烯唑醇的顺/反异构体分离方法。正相和反相HPLC的条件如下:不锈钢柱200 mm×5 mm(i.d.),填料YWG-Si 10μm,流动相正己烷-异丙醇为95+5(V/V)或者用正己烷-无水乙醚-无水甲醇89+9+2(V/V),流速2.0 mL.min-1,检测波长254 nm;不锈钢柱200 mm×5 mm(i.d.),填料YWG-C1810μm,流动相甲醇-水-乙酸为70+30+0.35(V/V),流速1.0 mL.min-1。气相色谱的条件:熔融石英毛细管柱10m×0.53 mm×1.0μm膜厚,用聚乙二醇-20000涂渍,柱温160℃,进样口和检测器温度250℃,载气H216 mL.min-1。在上述气相色谱的条件下,烯唑醇顺/反异构体能达到部分分离。     

Resistance in the highly DDT-resistant 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster involves decreased penetration,increased metabolism,and direct excretion

Resistance to 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster is extremely high compared to the susceptible Canton-S strain (>1500 times). In addition to enhanced oxidative detoxification, the 91-R strain also has a reduced rate of DDT penetration, increased levels of reductive and conjugative metabolism, and substantially more excretion than the Canton-S strain. Contact penetration of DDT was ∼30% less with 91-R flies, which also had significantly more cuticular hydrocarbons and a thicker, more laminated cuticle compared to Canton-S flies, possibly resulting in penetration differences. DDT was metabolized ∼1.6-fold more extensively by 91-R than Canton-S flies, resulting in dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), two unidentified metabolites and polar conjugates being formed in significantly greater amounts. 91-R flies also excreted ∼4-fold more DDT and metabolites than Canton-S flies. Verapamil pretreatment reduced the LD₅₀ value for 91-R flies topically dosed with DDT by a factor of 10-fold, indicating that the increased excretion may involve, in part, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In summary, DDT resistance in 91-R is polyfactorial and includes reduced penetration, increased detoxification and direct excretion.