短管赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生率模型

应用二次正交旋转组织设计方法，以小菜蛾卵作为目标寄生卵，在室内模拟研究了赤上蜂蜂量、寄生卵密度、搜索空间大小和植株体积与短管赤眼蜂寄生率的关系，结果表明，赤眼蜂蜂量是影响产眼蜂寄生率的主因素，植株大小、搜索空间也对寄生率形成极显著的影响，寄生卵量则对寄生率没有任何影响；因子之间的交互作用，对寄生率的影响以蜂量和植株大小的交互作用量大，其次是蜂量与寄生卵量、寄主卵量与植株大交互作用，短管赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵有较强的寄生率，且短管赤眼蜂之间存在相互干扰现象，在此基础上建立了短管赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵寄生率的二次回归模型。     

Sub-Lethal Effects of Fenvalerate on the Development,Fecundity, and Juvenile Hormone Esterase Activity of Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella （L.）

The toxicities of fenvalerate （20% EC） to the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella （L.）, reared on three host plants viz., radish, oilseed rape, and cabbage were tested. The LC50 values of fenvalerate to the 3rd instar larvae of DBM varied with host plants, however, there wasn＇t any significant difference among them （P〉 0.05）. Similarly, DBM fed on three host plants had same pupal weight, pupal period, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, female ratio, and fecundity. The activity of juvenile hormone esterase （JHE, EC 3.1.1.1） in the 3rd instar larvae of DMB did not significantly vary with host plants, either. These suggested that DBM had similar fitness on the three host plant species. When fed on the host plants pretreated with fenvalerate at the concentrations equivalent to LC20, LC50 and LC50, the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, female ratio, fecundity, and JHE activity of the tested insects were declined as compared with insects in control treatments fed on the same host plant species. Furthermore, the pupal period of the tested insects was extended after fenvalerate treatment. The decrease in JHE activity after fenvalerate treatment in the tested insects could partly explain the changes in the mentioned growth parameters. Whether the role of fenvalerate in the inhibition of JHE activity could serve as a new way to control DBM needs further investigation.     

应用昆虫病原线虫防治小菜蛾的研究

小菜蛾Ｐｌｕｔｅｌｌａ ｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａ,ＤＢＭ是十字花科的重要害虫。本文应用昆虫病原线虫斯氏线虫的六个种和异小杆线虫的一个种对小菜蛾四龄幼虫进行室内测定,筛选出斯氏线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ Ａ２４和异小杆线虫Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｒｈａｂｄｉｔｉｓ ｂａｃｔｅｒｉｏｐｈｏｒａ ８４０６为防治小菜蛾的较理想线虫种,田间小区试验也主宰了这点。     

天津市小菜蛾田间种群抗药性现状及监测

连续7年对天津地区小菜蛾田间种群采用叶片浸渍法进行不同杀虫剂田间抗药性测定,结果表明:小菜蛾对50%辛硫磷乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、90%杀虫单可溶粉、1.8%阿维菌素乳油抗药性倍数分别达到35.31,136.28,55.15,5.12倍,抗性增长迅速,其中对高效氯氰菊酯、杀虫单达到高抗(RR:40～160)水平,为小菜蛾抗药性治理提供了依据。     

利用半合成人工饲料饲养小菜蛾的研究

应用二闪正交旋转回归组合设计方法,筛选小菜蛾半合成人工饲料配方。用筛选的优化饲养小菜蛾,在温度２４￣２６℃,相对湿度６０％￣７０％的条件下,幼虫历期８．４５ｄ,化蛹概率０．７４７,羽化概率０．９４９,每浆蛹重５．１４ｍｇ,紫虫产卵量１３５．６７粒,与自然饲料相比,存活率和发育速度相似,蛹重和产卵量增加。     

Sex-Related Larval Susceptibility of Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera：Plutellidae） to some Reduced-Risk Insecticides

Five reduced-risk insecticides were compared for their toxicities to male and female third instar larvae of diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella L. （Lepidoptera：Plutellidae） obtained from a laboratory colony. Leaf-dip bioassays were used to assess larval mortality at different insecticides rates （ranging from 0.01 mg AI/L to 100 mg A1/L） and exposure times （24, 48 and 72 h after treatment）. Toxicity of the insecticides generally increased with rate and exposure time. At 72 h after treatment, median lethal concentrations （LCs0s） of methoxyfenozide, spinosad, novaluron, indoxacarb and Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） against the male third instar larvae of P, xylostella were 0.0524, 0.1117, 0.9149, 1.1939 and 4.4983 mg AI/L, respectively, and were 0.1008, 0.2583, 1.0649, 0.2850 and 5.3053 mg AI/L against female third instar larvae, respectively. At 0.1% of the approximate recommended field rates, methoxyfenozide （60%-75%） and spinosad （53%-57%） were the most toxic, while Bt （30%-45% mortality） was the least toxic to male and female P. xylostella larvae. Spinosad was the fastest acting and the only insecticide that caused significant larval mortality （17%） at 24 h after exposure. Significant sexual differences were recorded in the susceptibility of P. xylostella larvae to two of the insecticides： spinosad and indoxacarb. Male larvae were two-fold more susceptible to spinosad but 10-fold more tolerant to indoxacarb than female larvae.