感染甘薯小象甲白僵菌菌株的初步筛选

甘薯小象甲是甘薯的主要害虫之一。为筛选对小象甲的优良生防菌株,对分离自不同寄主的8株白僵菌进行了产孢量、孢子萌发率等生物学指标研究;采用浸渍法,进行了白僵菌对甘薯小象甲成虫侵染能力的初步筛选。结果表明：白僵菌菌株Gxj-10和Xwy-1感染甘薯小象甲成虫15 d的校正死亡率分别为82.1%和60.7%,表现出较强的致病力,且在培养过程中产孢量较高。2株菌株在防治甘薯小象甲方面具有较强的研究与应用价值。     

蚁形郭公虫人工饲料及繁殖饲养研究

在Reeve提出的配方基础上,研制出了适宜蚁形郭公虫Thanasimus formicarius的人工饲料配方,并以该配方饲料为基础,形成相应配套的蚁形郭公虫饲养技术。     

甘薯小象甲发生特点调查与原因分析

甘薯小象甲是福建省甘薯生长期和贮藏期的重要害虫,以幼虫蛀食薯蔓和薯块为主,该虫为害隐蔽,单一防治效果不理想,损失率一般为20%~30%,对翔安区甘薯生产为害极大。通过性诱剂监测甘薯小象甲田间虫口密度消长情况,分析了甘薯小象甲在翔安区的世代与越冬特性等发生特点,同时比较了不同农田类型及不同甘薯品种小象甲发生为害动态差异性。研究结果表明：甘薯小象甲在厦门市翔安区的发生特点为越冬基数旱地（138.56只/m²）大于水田（98.56只/m²）,越冬成虫中雌虫比例高于雄虫;株为害率旱地、农改地高于水田,分别为61.67%、48.33%、20%;为害高峰期为每年10—11月;主栽品种‘潮薯13’为害率高于‘配26’。     

应用性诱剂对福建甘薯蚁象的监测与防治研究

为了明确甘薯蚁象的发生情况,2009、2010年采用性诱剂诱集的方法对福建福州和莆田甘薯蚁象的发生情况进行了监测,2011年对性诱剂的诱捕器和放置密度进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同年份甘薯蚁象的发生高峰期不尽相同,总体上以7-10月为发生最严重的时期;在连年种植、管理粗放的甘薯田块蚁象发生严重。商品黄色塑料筒诱捕器的诱集效果优于自制漏斗型瓶装诱捕器;但是自制漏斗型瓶装诱捕器较为实用;不同厂家的诱芯田间诱虫效果差异不明显;每667 m 2放置3个诱芯可以有效地诱集蚁象。性诱剂诱捕区与非诱捕区相比,危害明显减轻,甘薯产量明显增加,因此,采用性诱剂诱捕的措施可以减轻甘薯蚁象的危害。     

PTD-Cry3Aa原核融合表达产物对甘薯小象甲的活性研究

为探讨TAT PTD对苏云金杆菌鞘翅目特效基因CryAa是否具有协同作用,本试验在实现了融合基因TAT PTD-Cry3Aa大肠杆菌原核表达的基础上,以甘薯小象甲为生测对象测定了原核表达产物PTD-Cry3Aa与Cry3Aa的毒力。结果表明,用大肠杆菌表达的Cry3A和PTD-Cry3Aa包涵体初提物均对甘薯小象甲成虫和幼虫有杀虫活性,且表现出一定毒力增效作用,对成虫的增效倍数为2.01倍,对幼虫的增效作用更加明显,达到3.19倍。这一研究结果对于甘薯小象甲的生物防治研究以及转基因抗虫甘薯的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

Sweet-potato productivity as affected by recurrent use of vines as planting-material

Yield performances of apical shoot cuttings of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) obtained from crops raised 2 or 4 times recurrently through vines, were compared with those obtained from tubers. The recurrent use of vines as planting-material did not show any marked variation in market-grade tuber yield, but it significantly decreased vine yield and increased weevil infestation in tubers. Cultivars ‘Cross-4’, ‘RS-5’ differed significantly in performance     

Insecticidal properties of benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid derivatives

A series of amides and esters of substituted benzo[b]furan-2-carboxylic acids have been synthesised, and their activity against adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer) studied. The topical insecticidal potency of these compounds was compared in acetone solution and in a mixture of piperonyl butoxide (PB) and acetone (0·05+99·95 by volume). The compounds were much more active when administered in the acetone/PB mixture, and exhibited 48-h LD₅₀ values ranging from 1·7 to 26·6 μg per insect. The most active compound, 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylcarbonyl)-6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran, was equiactive with technical grade dimethoate (in acetone/PB) on a weight basis. © 1998 SCI     

中国甘薯小象甲的rDNA ITS-1遗传变异及入侵来源研究

甘薯小象甲是国内外重要检疫性害虫,明确中国不同地区甘薯小象甲的遗传多样性可为甘薯小象甲的鉴别检疫提供依据。本文通过对中国6个地区甘薯小象甲种群rDNA ITS-1序列的遗传变异分析探讨了中国6个地区种群的入侵来源。结合世界其他地区已公布35个甘薯小象甲种群序列,经系统发育分析表明,甘薯小象甲起源于印度次大陆,在亚洲地区随甘薯的调运而自东南向西北扩展,构建的系统发育树分为印度地区分支和亚洲东部分支两个大的分支,而亚洲东部分支又进一步划分为东南部和东北部两个亚支,中国的甘薯小象甲种群分别位于东北部分支的两个亚分支上,说明中国6个地区甘薯小象甲种群至少通过两个不同地区侵入中国,并在中国定居。     

甘薯小象甲对不同甘薯品种的趋性反应试验

成虫取食主要取决于气味诱导和对物体性状的偏好,为了解小象甲对不同品种甘薯气味的选择性与品种抗虫的相关性;选取14个甘薯品种,利用Y型嗅觉仪测定小象甲对14个甘薯品种进行气味选择试验,并计算各品种的抗性。结果显示,小象甲对14个不同品种甘薯的反应率、诱集率以及选择系数都具有差异显著性,小象甲对14个甘薯品种的反应率在0.3~1之间,不同品种对甘薯小象甲的诱集率在0.2~0.9556之间,小象甲对不同甘薯品种之间的选择系数在-0.03~0.91之间,其中‘鄂薯15’选择系数最小为-0.03,表现为最抗小象甲;‘鄂薯6号’和‘商薯19’的选择系数最大且都为0.91,表现为最感小象甲。本研究为甘薯小象甲的防治奠定了基础,对今后完善抗甘薯小象甲品种的鉴定工作有很大帮助。     

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Cylas formicarius provides insights into its adaptation and invasion mechanisms

Cylas formicarius is one of the most important pests of sweet potato worldwide, causing considerable ecological and economic damage.  This study improved the effect of comprehensive management and understanding of genetic mechanisms by examining the functional genomics of C. formicarius.  Using Illumina and PacBio sequencing, this study obtained a chromosome-level genome assembly of adult weevils from lines inbred for 15 generations.  The high-quality assembly obtained was 338.84 Mb, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 14.97 and 34.23 Mb, respectively.  In total, 157.51 Mb of repeat sequences and 11 907 protein-coding genes were predicted.  A total of 337.06 Mb of genomic sequences was located on the 11 chromosomes, accounting for 99.03% of the total length of the associated chromosome.  Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. formicarius was sister to Dendroctonus ponderosae, and C. formicarius diverged from D. ponderosae approximately 138.89 million years ago (Mya).  Many important gene families expanded in the C. formicarius genome were involved in the detoxification of pesticides, tolerance to cold stress and chemosensory system.  To further study the role of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in olfactory recognition of C. formicarius, the binding assay results indicated that CforOBP4–6 had strong binding affinities for sex pheromones and other ligands.  The high-quality C. formicarius genome provides a valuable resource to reveal the molecular ecological basis, genetic mechanism, and evolutionary process of major agricultural pests; it also offers new ideas and new technologies for ecologically sustainable pest control.