Genetic characterization of a collection of chayote, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sechium edule</Emphasis> (Jacq.) Swartz,in Costa Rica by using isozyme markers

We established protocols for the analysis of genetic diversity in chayote (Sechium edule) by using isozyme markers, thereby determining the level of genetic diversity present in 42 accessions of chayote from Costa Rica. We obtained clear and reproducible zymograms for eight enzyme staining systems: PGM, 6-PGD, PGI, IDH, MDH, SOD, SKD, and EST, and were able to score 14 putative loci. Eight of the 14 loci examined were polymorphic. We found 35 distinct multilocus genotypes among these accessions. Five of these multilocus genotypes were homozygous for all loci. In addition, our data also revealed that most of the multilocus genotypes (24) were heterozygous for only one of the eight loci, and the rest were heterozygous for two or three loci (9 and 4 accessions, respectively). Seven multilocus genotypes were found in two different accessions. Dice similarity coefficient was used to study the relationship between accessions. This analysis, based on the presence and absence of alleles, revealed that accessions collected in the same location seldom shared the same multilocus genotype. The value of isozyme polymorphisms as tools to continue studies on the characterization of chayote is discussed.     

葫芦科植物叶黄酮成分分析及抗氧化能力研究

以6种常见葫芦科植物叶为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱测定其黄酮类化合物含量,并提取粗黄酮,再对其抗氧化能力进行研究探讨.所研究的葫芦科植物叶中含有黄酮甙元槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素中的一种或几种.其总黄酮提取物具有很强的抗氧化性,且在相同浓度条件下其抗氧化性均比人工合成的抗氧化剂BHT强.     

葫芦科经济植物的分类及种质资源

介绍了全球已经栽培利用和具有潜在经济价值的葫芦科经济植物55种,其中食用植物35种,药用植物14种,观赏植物4种,纤维植物和砧木植物各1种,并按英国植物专家杰弗里现代分类予以划分。     

Reaction of cucurbits species to infection with Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus

Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) is a tospovirus that infects species of cucurbits in Brazil and is transmitted by the thrips Frankliniella zucchini. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the reaction of seven species of cucurbits to infection with ZLCV under field and greenhouse conditions in Piracicaba County, SP. In the field experiment, ZLCV infection occurred naturally. In the greenhouse, plants were mechanically inoculated with ZLCV at the cotyledonal stage. Evaluations were based on symptoms expression and detection of the virus by PTA-ELISA. The percentages of infected plants for field and greenhouse assays, respectively, are indicated in parenthesis for each species/cultivar: Cucurbita pepo var. Caserta (72.9 and 70.7); C. maxima var. Alice (16.0 and 10.4); C. maxima var. Exposição (0.0 and 0.0); C. moschata var. Menina Brasileira (29.2 and 18.2); C. maxima × C. moschata hybrid Takaiama (63.4 and 42.7); Citrullus lanatus var. Crimson Sweet (25.0 and 25.0); Cucumis sativus var. Safira (14.3 and 41.2); and C. anguria (21.4 and 22.7).     

葫芦科作物耐弱光研究进展

综述了近年来国内外葫芦科作物耐弱光研究进展,包括形态指标、生理生化指标、光合代谢等方面,并指出了目前存在的主要问题和研究方向。     

Analysis based on RAPD and ISSR Markers Reveals Closer Similarities among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrullus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic"> Cucumis</Emphasis> Species than with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Praecitrullus fistulosus</Emphasis> (Stocks) Pangalo

A cucurbit species named Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, which thrives in India, is considered to be a distant relative of watermelon. Recent experiments indicated that it has mild resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). However, our attempts to cross various US plant introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus with watermelon or other Citrullus PIs have not been successful. Thus, to determine genetic relatedness among those species, phylogenetic analysis [based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)–anchored (also termed ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers] was conducted among PIs of P. fistulosus, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (watermelon), C. lanatus var. citroides and the wild Citrullus colocynthis. Phylogenetic relationships were also examined with Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and wild Cucumis species including C. africanus, C. metuliferus, C. anguria, C. meeusei, and C. zeyheri. Wide genetic distance exists between Citrullus and Cucumis groups (8% genetic similarity). Phylogenetic relationships among Citrullus species and subspecies are closer (25–55% genetic similarity) as compared with those among most Cucumis species (14–68% genetic similarity). P. fistulosus appeared to be distant from both Cucumis and Citrullus species (genetic similarity between P. fistulosus and Cucumis or Citrullus groups is less than 3%). Although wide genetic differences and reproductive barriers exist among cucurbit species examined in this study, they are still considered as potential germplasm source for enhancing watermelon and melon crops using traditional breeding and biotechnology procedures.     

瓜类遗传连锁图谱构建的研究现状及比较分析

 截至目前,西瓜、黄瓜及甜瓜的全基因组测序工作已经基本完成,利用高密度饱和遗传连锁图谱将基因组序列锚定到染色体的具体位置并确定其在染色体上的方向,这为进一步开展基因组分析研究奠定了基础。本文中综述了瓜类遗传连锁图谱构建的研究现状并对遗传连锁图谱进行了比较分析。     

45S和5S rDNA序列在20种葫芦科植物染色体上的定位

【目的】了解45S和5S rDNA序列在20种葫芦科Cucurbitaceae植物基因组中位点数目和分布特点,为研究葫芦科植物核型、遗传育种和进化分类等提供依据。【方法】采用改进的荧光原位杂交(FISH)法,在45S rDNA和5S rDNA的5′端进行荧光修饰,对20种葫芦科植物中期染色体进行45S和5S rDNA的物理定位,在Nikon 80i荧光显微镜下观察,冷CCD收集图像并分析。【结果】确定了金瓜Gymnopetalum chinense、波棱瓜Herpetospermum pedunculosum、葫芦Lagenaria siceraria、木鳖子Momordica cochinchinensis、云南木鳖Momordica dioica、西葫芦Cucurbita pepo、蛇瓜Trichosanthes anguina、糙点栝楼Trichosanthes dunniana、全缘栝楼Trichosanthes ovigera、钮子瓜Zehneria maysorensis、红瓜Coccinia grandis和佛手Sechium edule等12种植物45S rDNA和5S rDNA荧光位点在中期染色体上的数量、位置和特征,在这些植物中分别检测到3、7、2、4、2、5、3、3、5、1、2和2对45S rDNA,检测到2、1、1、1、1、2、1、1、1、1、1和1对5S rDNA。20种植物中,45S rDNA和5S rDNA在染色体短臂、短臂顶端和着丝点等位置均有分布。【结论】FISH是葫芦科植物构建精细核型的有效工具,可帮助判断随体、鉴别染色体和鉴定同源染色体,是核型分析的有力佐证。     

瓜类蛀茎甲虫瘦瓜天牛Apomecyna naevia Bates的分布新记录及与近缘种的区分

首次报道了瓜类蛀茎甲虫瘦瓜天牛Apomecyna naevia Bates, 1873 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) 在中国北方的分布记录, 描述了鉴别特征, 指出了与斜斑瓜天牛A.histrio (Fabricius, 1793)、南瓜瓜天牛A.saltator (Fabricius, 1787)、小瓜天牛A.longicollis Pic, 1926等3个近缘种的详细区别, 总结了生物学、天敌等信息, 提供了相关物种的标本照片。汇总了瓜天牛属在东亚地区的主要寄主植物, 多数为重要的农业、经济作物, 包括葫芦科15属、豆科2属、葡萄科1属。