Level and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application to Early and Semi-early Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown with Irrigation on Light Soils in Norway

Trials were performed with early and semi-early potatoes to test the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level (0-160 kg N ha^-1) and timing (all at planting versus half then and half either soon after emergence or 3 weeks later). All seven trials with earlies were irrigated as required, whilst different irrigation regimes (moderate versus intensive) were compared in two trials with semi-earlies. No benefit was derived from splitting the N application. Haulm growth and N uptake increased in all cases almost linearly up to the highest N level, but tuber yield did not respond in the same way. The optimum N level was 80 kg N ha^-1 for a yield of 15 Mg ha^-1, rising to 120 kg N ha^-1 for a yield of 40 Mg ha^-1. Tuber quality was lowered by the use of excess N fertilizer, particularly in the case of earlies. The quantity of mineralised N present in the soil after harvest rose sharply with above optimum fertilizer use, and the amount of N present in crop residues also increased. The likely leaching after early potatoes was estimated to be up to 80 kg N ha^-1. The proportion of fertilizer N which was not accounted for in either tuber yield, crop residues or mineral N in soil was 26% in earlies and 38% in semi-earlies.     

不同pH值和重金属浓度对水花生生根的影响

研究不同pH值和不同重金属浓度对水花生生根情况的影响。试验表明,水花生的适应性很强,在pH值为2~13范围内的溶液中均可生根。总体而言,水花生在碱性溶液中比在酸性溶液中生根情况好,当pH值在8.85左右时生根情况最好,根长为26.2 mm,根数为60根以上。随着重金属离子浓度升高,其对水花生生根的抑制作用加大,但不同重金属离子对水花生的生根影响不同。当溶液中Pb2+浓度在10 mg/L左右时,水花生生长最好,根长达22.3 mm,根数达37根;当溶液中Cr3+浓度在5 mg/L以下时,水花生生长最好,根长为39.0 mm左右,根数为40根以上。     

Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Its Trend Change in Shaanxi Province Based on SPEI and MI

【Objective】 At present, most drought studies were based on historical drought events to analyze the causes and trends. This paper sought to simulate the drought index method when outputting future meteorological data based on CMIP5 model, and explored the characteristics of past and future drought changes in Shaanxi Province, which could provide a basis for the future management of agricultural water resources in Shaanxi Province. 【Method】Based on the historical data of 18 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province and CMIP5 model, the future meteorological data were output. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) was simulated by comparing three kinds of models. The standard precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) and relative moisture index (MI) were calculated based on the reference crop ET₀ and precipitation data to reflect the drought degree. The spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in the past (1958-2017) and in the future (2018-2100) were compared.【Result】Multiple linear regression (MLR) simulation could accurately predict the reference crop ET₀ (RMSE=0.457 mm·d ^-1). In the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the future drought index showed an upward trend. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, there was a sudden change in the drought index in the 1940s. The degree of drought would decrease in the future of Shaanxi Province, and the distribution of drought would be more uneven during the year. In the future, the degree of drought would decrease during summer maize growth season, and the degree of drought would increase during winter wheat growth season.【Conclusion】The characteristics and extent of drought change were different under different RCP scenarios. The changes in drought characteristics reflected by SPEI and MI were basically the same, but there were differences in the changes in some time periods. In order to effectively cope with the negative impact of climate change on dry crop yields, it was necessary to enhance soil water storage and conservation capacity, especially to strengthen drought resistance during the winter wheat growing season.     

长白山阔叶红松林CO2廓线和CO2贮存的动态

从1999年8至10月,2000年的4至6月,2002年8月至2003年9月,在平均树高为26米的长白山阔叶红松林内,用红外气体分析仪(2250D,LI-CORInc.和LI-COR,820)测定了不同高度的二氧化碳浓度。根据测定的数据,分析了阔叶红松林二氧化碳廓线的日变化和季节变化动态。结果表明:CO2浓度的垂直分布在白天和夜间是不同的,在接近地面处CO2浓度始终最大。从季节CO2廓线看出,在植物生长季节林冠处CO2浓度有明显的成层现象,不同高度(60~2.5m)的CO2浓度3月份变化较小差值为10mmol穖ol-1,而在7月份变化较大,差值为60mmol穖ol-1。7月份林冠处(22,26,32m)CO2浓度梯度较大,浓度差为8mmol穖ol-1。计算位于涡度相关仪器之下的40米高空气柱中CO2贮存状况表明,年际贮存是负值,但对NEE的贡献很小。图4参11。     

南五味子不同溶剂提取物的抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究南五味子的乙醇提取物和水提取物的抑菌活性。[方法]分离南五味子提取物中的乙醇相物质和水相物质,用牛津杯法测定其对常见的致病菌和酵母菌的抑菌活性,用平板涂布法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。[结果]南五味子的醇相和水相物质对革兰氏阳性菌(G+)和革兰氏阴性菌(G-)均有明显的抑菌活性,对G+的抑菌活性均强于对G-的抑菌活性;醇相的抑菌活性优于水相的抑菌活性;对酵母菌的抑菌活性均不明显;醇相和水相的抑菌活性顺序均依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌>沙门氏菌>酵母菌。[结论]南五味子的乙醇提取物和水提取物均有一定的抑菌活性,值得进一步开发利用。     

用分光光度计预测小球藻藻液浓度的研究

[目的]为实现小球藻大面积推广生产和产业化发展提供科学、翔实的技术参数。[方法]通过721型分光光度计,对不同浓度的小球藻藻液在不同波段光照下的透光度进行测定,确定测定小球藻的最佳照射波段,得到最佳照射波段时小球藻藻液的浓度。[结果]在不同光照对不同浓度小球藻藻液透射的吸光度进行归一化处理后,得出小球藻的最佳透射波段为670 nm。同时,得出670 nm光照下吸光度与小球藻浓度的回归方程为:y=-1.479 7+0.987x,相关系数为0.991,说明相关性较好。推导了当量浓度(C)与透光度(I)的公式,C=-ln(I/I0)/(LK),式中L为光径长度(比色皿宽度),K为小球藻细胞的平均截面面积。[结论]用分光光度计间接测量小球藻的浓度是可行的。     

基于可变移动窗口方法估算太湖泥沙环流运动的本征尺度

基于遥感反演获得的太湖悬浮泥沙浓度数据,利用移动窗口方法,分析探讨了平均局部方差和移动窗口尺寸的关系。在90～1 860 m移动窗口尺寸变化范围内,太湖悬浮泥沙浓度的平均局部方差随着移动窗口尺寸的增大而增大,且抛物线模型能较好的描述2者的关系,回归系数0.9959。通过对抛物线模型求最大值可知,局部方差最大值所对应的移动窗口尺寸为2 308.33 m,根据当时的风速和风向,考虑泥沙浓度空间分布与水体运动之间的相关性,该尺寸可以解释为太湖逆时针环流的本征尺度。     

宝鸡金渭湖湿地小气候效应初探

以宝鸡市金渭湖湿地为研究对象,在金渭湖拦河闸桥附近进行气象及大气颗粒物观测,将拦河闸桥看作湿区,公路旁看作干区,对比分析湿地小气候特征的结果表明:宝鸡市金渭湖湿地具有明显的降温增湿作用,距离湿区越远,温度越高,相对湿度越低;冬季的相对湿度大于夏季,冬夏季的湿区温度始终低于干区,干湿两区的温度和相对湿度的日变化规律基本一致;湿区的PM2.5质量浓度小于干区,最多可小47%,表明金渭湖湿地对局地大气环境中的细颗粒物质量浓度具有显著削减作用。     

多效唑,缩节胺在秋番茄育苗上的应用

秋番茄育苗,于３片真叶施用５０～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ多效唑液或２５－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ缩节胺液,对防止幼苗徒长,培育壮苗有显著作用;增产效果极显著。     

Tomato productivity and the associated composition of the hydroponic or soil solution

The concentration and balance of nutrients in both the hydroponic or soil solution has been evaluated with relevance to tomato productivity. Yields of 200 mt/ha have been produced in greenhouse, hydroponic culture in a 9 to 10 month period. Yields of more than 100 mt/ha of field grown tomatoes have been produced in Florida in a 4 to 5 month period. Within the limitations of either culture, it is possible per unit of time to provide the nutrients required to produce equivalent yields. It is most significant that field grown tomatoes in Florida can be grown with minimal management and at a fraction of the cost of those grown hydroponically. The validity of the Florida fresh market tomato industry is based on the production efficiency of the field culture. There are annually 16,000 ha of tomatoes grown in Florida, perhaps less than 40 ha grown in hydroponic cultures.