Isolation and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose of strawberry in south west Spain

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter being more pathogenic than the former.     

垂序商陆及胜红蓟提取物对降香黄檀炭疽病菌的抑菌机理研究

通过测定垂序商陆与胜红蓟乙酸乙酯提取物处理后的降香黄檀炭疽病菌内丙二醛含量、蛋白质含量以及4种酶活性,来初步判断垂序商陆与胜红蓟提取物对炭疽病菌的作用机理。结果表明:两种提取物都能在一定程度上破坏炭疽病病原菌膜系统,垂序商陆处理组丙二醛含量在56h后显著提高,胜红蓟处理组则缓慢增加,略高于对照组;垂序商陆处理组菌体内蛋白质含量先增加,32h后急剧降低,胜红蓟处理组蛋白质含量从初期开始就少于对照组;两种提取物都能影响菌体的保护性酶活性,两处理组SOD活力都呈现先增高后降低的趋势,CAT活力高于对照组。两组SDH、LDH活力都小于对照组,而垂序商陆处理组SDH、LDH活力小于胜红蓟处理组。初步说明两种植物提取物可通过影响病原菌的代谢系统和生理过程来发挥其抑菌作用。     

棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究

探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用,为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示,棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用,菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间,对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%,病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%,菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用,菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果,处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著,防效高达87.23%,处理GYSW-6m1（3 d）+LC0220和LC0220（3 d）+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果,株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加,促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治,具有一定的实用开发潜力。     

Rare β-Resorcylic Acid Derivatives from a Halophyte-Associated Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419 and Their Antifungal Activities

Six new β-resorcylic acid derivatives (1–5 and 7) were isolated from a halophyte-associated fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419, together with four previously reported β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 1 was completely established by a combination of spectroscopic data and chemical reactions. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Notably, compounds 1–3 had a β-resorcylic acid harboring a long unesterified aliphatic side chain, whereas the long aliphatic chains were esterified to form macrolactones in 4–9. Among the isolated compounds, monocillin I and radicicol showed potent antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, comparable to clinically available antifungal agents and radicicol showed weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans. These findings provide insight into the chemical diversity of fungal RAL-type compounds and their pharmacological potential.     

爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用及其苗期防效

爵床(J usticia procumbens L.)是一种传统的中药材.为探明爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用,采用苗期盆栽试验观察爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果.结果表明,爵床甲醇提取物可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,其活性随着浓度的提高而增强,抑制中浓度分别为4.23、2.16和2.98 mg/mL.通过对爵床提取物处理后病菌孢子萌发形态显微观察,发现病菌孢子芽管长度受到明显抑制甚至不能萌发.当提取物浓度为16mg/mL时对苗期辣椒炭疽病的防效达73.08％.     

9种杀菌剂对柱花草胶孢炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法测定9种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力。结果表明：咪鲜胺、丙环唑、抑霉唑和苯醚甲环唑4种药剂对柱花草炭疽病菌株CH008的抑菌效果最好,其EC50值在0.032 3～0.735 2 μg/mL,成为最具潜力的替代使用杀菌剂;戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯的抑菌效果也较好,其EC50值在1.381 3～3.208 8 μg/mL。     

炭疽菌附着胞的研究进展

炭疽菌属ColletotrichumCorda是一类重要的植物病原菌,寄主范围广,对农林生产危害很大。炭疽菌能产生特殊的侵染结构附着胞穿透寄主组织,附着胞的形成对炭疽菌确立侵染非常关键。综述了炭疽菌分生孢子在寄主表面的附着、附着胞的形成、附着胞对环境影响因素的应答和附着胞的穿透。影响炭疽菌附着胞形态发育的因素很多,其中硬质疏水表面在短时间内通常是有利于附着胞的形成。并简要概述了炭疽菌附着胞的基因克隆研究情况。     

江苏省葡萄炭疽病菌群体对4种杀菌剂的敏感性

为明确江苏省葡萄炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides群体对苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈和戊唑醇4种杀菌剂的敏感性和抗性水平,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法测定了来自江苏省7个地区的68株葡萄炭疽病菌对上述4种药剂的敏感性,建立敏感基线,并分析菌株抗性水平和抗性频率。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈和戊唑醇对供试68株葡萄炭疽病菌的EC₅₀范围分别为0.03～1.20、0.05～3.48、0.14～1.20 mg/L和0.50～12.30 mg/L;对苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈的敏感基线分别为(0.53±0.032)(1.00±0.15) mg/L和(0.38±0.024) mg/L。68株菌株对戊唑醇的EC₅₀平均值为3.61 mg/L,因敏感性频率分布不符合建立敏感性基线要求,故未建立敏感性基线。供试菌株对苯醚甲环唑均表现为敏感,对吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈呈现一定的低抗水平,抗性频率分别为4.41%和3.03%;对戊唑醇呈低抗和中抗水平,抗性频率分别为16.18%和5.88%。该研究为防控江苏省葡萄炭疽病提...     

菟丝子生防菌“鲁保一号”生物学特性及T-DNA插入突变体库的构建

"鲁保一号"菌剂对杂草菟丝子生防效果良好,但是受制于菌种退化问题其进一步应用受到限制。本研究通过对"鲁保一号"菌的生物学性状进行分析,明确其菌种培养特性:最佳培养基为PDA培养基,最佳培养温度为25~28℃,最佳培养pH值为5~8。同时,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法进行"鲁保一号"菌株转化,并初步构建了约含2300个阳性转化子的T-DNA插入突变体库。转化子经连续继代6次培养后潮霉素B抗性稳定,随机挑取的20个转化子均能PCR克隆出潮霉素基因,转化子是由T-DNA插入引起的,且筛选抗性能够稳定遗传。以上研究为后期筛选获得致病力稳定的遗传改良菌株,并进一步应用奠定了基础。     

几丁质酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及其酶对柱花草胶孢炭疽病原菌的？…

构建了几丁质酶基因植物表达载体,该基因大大肠杆菌中能表达３５ＫＤ的蛋白质。几丁质酶粗提高在体外对柱花草胶孢炭疽病原菌有极显著的抑菌效果。