A test for interaction between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and inanga (Galaxias maculatus) in an artificial stream

Abstract –  The interaction between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ; fork length (FL) range 255–390 mm) and inanga ( Galaxias maculatus ; FL range 55–115 mm) was tested during summer through autumn in an artificial stream consisting of a single run-riffle-pool sequence with a natural food supply. Each experimental trial lasted for 15 days, and consisted of two brown trout and 50 inanga collected fresh from a nearby stream, with each species given prior residence in four replicate tests, totalling eight trials in all. In addition, two control trials (each 10 days), with 50 inanga in each, were run. Brown trout almost exclusively occupied the pool, whereas inanga occupied all habitat types, although in different proportions, when tested with and without brown trout. The proportion of inanga in the pool was appreciably lower in the experimental trials with brown trout than in the control trials with no brown trout; prior residence had no significant effect on inanga habitat use. Mortality of inanga attributable to predation by brown trout ranged from 0 to 40% with a mean of 14.5 ± 4.7%. The results suggest that habitat use and survival of inanga populations in small streams can be adversely affected by brown trout.     

花鲈虹彩病毒交叉引物恒温扩增检测方法的建立

【目的】花鲈虹彩病毒(Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus,LMIV)严重威胁花鲈养殖业安全,无特效防控药物,早期诊断在LMIV防控中发挥极其重要的作用。建立一种简便、快捷、准确的现场快速诊断方法,可为LMIV的基层诊断提供技术支撑。【方法】利用交叉引物恒温扩增技术(Cross priming amplification,CPA),针对LMIV ATPase基因高保守区设计1套单交叉引物。以构建的ATPase重组质粒作为阳性模板,对反应体系中的引物浓度比,Bst DNA聚合酶、Betaine、MgSO₄、dNTP浓度,以及反应温度和反应时间进行优化;结合一次性核酸试纸条,建立可视化检测LMIV-CPA的方法。【结果】最优引物浓度比组合为交叉引物CPF1.0μmol/L,引物F3和B3均为0.4μmol/L,探针引物B1(FAM)和B2(Biotin)均为0.8μmol/L;MgSO4浓度为6 mmol/L、Betaine浓度为0.4 mol/L、dNTP浓度为0.6 mmol/L、Bst DNA聚合酶浓度为0.256 U/μL;最佳反应...     

乌鳢和斑鳢EST序列微卫星信息分析

乌鳢(Channa argus,♂)、斑鳢(Channa maculatus,♀)是杂交鳢"杭鳢1号"的亲本。利用高通量测序技术对乌鳢和斑鳢的肝脏进行转录组测序获得大量EST序列后,利用MISA软件进行微卫星信息分析,结果表明,通过转录组测序获得乌鳢EST序列59 959条,长度45 mb,发现15 428个SSR,出现频率为25.73%;获得斑鳢EST序列44 337条,长度27 mb,发现8 439个SSR,出现频率为19.03%。在乌鳢和斑鳢EST-SSR中,重复单元以1~2碱基重复为最多,并以长度小于16 bp的短重复序列为主,间隔SSR和复合SSR的EST序列RPKM均值要低于单纯型SSR的EST序列RPKM均值,且在单纯型SSR中SSR长度越长,其RPKM均值则越低。     

环境胁迫对许氏平鲉和花鲈血糖、血沉降的影响

研究了运输、温度和空气暴露胁迫对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)和花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)血液生化指标的影响。60min长途运输使许氏平鲉和花鲈的血糖含量都有所上升，其中许氏平鲉的血糖含量在运输后24h基本恢复到正常水平，而花鲈的血糖水平在168h后可恢复到稳定状态。季节温度变化是引起春冬两季许氏平鲉血糖水平在经运输胁迫后产生差异的主要原因，春季(4月)经运输胁迫后鱼体血糖含量约为冬季(11月)的1．4倍。在温度梯度实验中，设定不同温度组(10℃、15℃、20℃、23．5℃、26℃)检测许氏平鲉血糖和血沉降的变化，血糖值出现峰值，而血沉降则随温度升高一直表现出上升趋势。在温度梯度实验基础上进行的空气暴露实验中，各胁迫组的血糖含量升高，血沉降轻微降低但整体变化趋势与温度梯度实验结果相似。     

饲料维生素C对急性降温后花鲈免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响

为研究饲料维生素C(Vc)对急性降温后花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响,以含有不同水平Vc (6.85、46.90、88.24、167.43、329.21和658.69 mg/kg)的饲料饲养花鲈56 d后,进行急性降温(从33℃水体转入27℃水体)处理24 h和48 h。结果显示,降温24 h和48 h时,各组血清补体3(C3)水平高于0 h,而补体4(C4)水平低于0 h。饲料Vc在6.85~167.43 mg/kg时,血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平随降温时间的增加,在24 h和48 h显著高于0 h (P<0.05);当饲料Vc含量高于167.43 mg/kg时,各时间点IgM差异不显著。血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性在降温48 h后显著低于降温前(P<0.05),而各Vc添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在降温后显著高于降温前,但在降温后随着饲料Vc水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量随降温时间的增加,先增加后降低。在各时间点,花鲈肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量都随着饲料Vc水平的升高而升高。当饲料Vc为6.85 mg/kg时,肝脏血红素氧合酶(HO-1)活性在降温后显著高于降温前(P<0.05);当饲料Vc为88.24~167.43 mg/kg时,肝脏HO-1活性在降温后显著低于降温前(P<0.05)。花鲈血清热休克蛋白(HSP70)水平在降温后显著高于降温前(P<0.05),而当降温时间达到48 h时,各Vc添加组HSP70含量显著低于对照组。研究表明,饲料中适量的Vc (46.90~167.43 mg/kg)能提高花鲈肝脏的抗氧化能力,减轻脂质过氧化水平,缓解花鲈急性降温引起的应激反应。     

Dietary habits of grazers influence their suitability as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in ex situ mariculture

The dietary habits of the sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides and the gastropod Trochus maculatus in ex situ mariculture were examined. Fouling algal assemblages on terracotta tiles were exposed to the grazers and compared. Except for Day 0, the assemblages on Days 2, 13 and 27 differed significantly across treatments. S. sphaeroides rapidly consumed most algae, leaving an assemblage dominated by turf algae and bare tile. T. maculatus primarily fed on green filamentous algae, resulting in an even distribution of other algal functional groups, while control tiles were dominated by green filamentous algae. Using three representative fouling algae species (Bryopsis corymbosa, Hypnea spinella and Lobophora variegata), the consumption rates of both grazers and dietary preferences of S. sphaeroides were examined through a single‐diet and a choice experiment respectively. The single‐diet experiment revealed differential algal consumption rates for S. sphaeroides (H. spinella = B. corymbosa > L. variegata) and T. maculatus (B. corymbosa > H. spinella = L. variegata). The choice experiment showed that S. sphaeroides preferred H. spinella over the other two species. These experiments highlighted the importance of understanding the dietary habits of grazers as this has direct implications on their effectiveness as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in mariculture.     

不同豆类对绿豆象发育繁殖的影响

为给综合治理绿豆象提供理论支撑,在室内(28±2℃)条件下,饲养绿豆象,并观察了6种豆类对绿豆象发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:绿豆象的卵孵化后,幼虫仅在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害;在绿豆、红小豆和大豆上的世代发育历期分别为26.50、29.90、52.00天;在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上的存活率分别为52.11%、56.45%、1.60%;绿豆象成虫在不同豆种上的产卵历期差异不显著(P0.05);但雌成虫在不同豆种上的产卵量差异显著(P0.05)。综上认为绿豆象的发育和繁殖明显受储粮豆类的影响。     

月桂酸单甘油酯对花鲈脂质代谢的影响

为评价月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerolmonolaurate,GML)对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)脂质代谢的影响,文章通过基础饲料拌喂0 mg·kg?1(对照组)、1000 mg·kg?1(低剂量组)、2000 mg·kg?1(中剂量组)和4000 mg·kg?1(高剂量组)的GML,养殖均质量...     

蒿属4种植物精油对绿豆象的杀虫活性测定

试验测定猪毛蒿、黄花蒿、水蒿、大籽蒿4种植物精油对绿豆象成虫的杀虫活性。结果表明:4种植物精油均对绿豆象有较好的熏杀及触杀活性。其中水蒿精油熏杀LC50为0.050 8 mL/L、触杀LC50为1.562 4 mg/L,均高于其他3种植物精油。     

花[鱼骨]血清免疫酶活力对水温耐受性的研究

通过控制暂养水体温度,测定花[鱼骨]对温度的耐受性,以及在不同水温条件下,抗氧化酶（SOD和CAT）和水解酶（ACP和AKP）的变化。结果表明：花[鱼骨]的生存温度和适宜温度较广,其生存温度为4-32℃,适宜温度为8-24℃。水温胁迫对SOD酶活力影响显著,SOD酶活力随水温升高而不断增强,而对CAT酶活力无显著影响。血清AKP活性随着温度的不断升高呈现出先升后降的变化,而血清ACP活性随水温升高也呈现出明显的上升趋势。