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1.
Stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O3 depletion) and 11 (37% O3 depletion) kJ m?2 d?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm2 samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐BBE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m?2 d?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general. 相似文献
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以乌苏1号无芒雀麦为材料,设置2个生长环境(荒漠绿洲区、高海拔地带),通过观测幼穗分化进程及开花习性,探究生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化及生殖格局的影响。结果表明,无芒雀麦幼穗分化从分蘖期开始至抽穗期结束,分为初生期、伸长期、结节期、小穗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期和完穗期8个时期。幼穗分化是从生长锥顶端第1枝梗原基与小花原基开始分化,相同小枝梗上原基与小花原基均是自下逐渐向上发育;整穗是从顶部向下逐渐开花,下部枝梗开花时间小于上部枝梗;小穗上的小花由下向上逐步开花。与荒漠绿洲区相比,高海拔地带的无芒雀麦幼穗分化时间晚,周期缩短,穗部赤霉素(GA)、脱落酸(ABA)及叶片可溶性蛋白含量相对较高,细胞分裂素(CTK)含量和种子千粒重较低,但高海拔地带单穗成熟种子粒数与单位面积内种子产量高,更适合无芒雀麦种子生产。 相似文献
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为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐):NaCl∶Na2SO4∶Na2CO3=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐):NaCl∶Na2SO4∶Na2CO3=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明:除Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变... 相似文献
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Development of integrated weed management strategies is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the demography of individual species. The current research established eight winter or summer weed species in a winter annual wheat cropping system at Wongan Hills, Western Australia, and investigated emergence of the first cohort of each species, survivorship, plant size, seed production and seed shedding over three years (2016–2019). The winter weeds Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum emerged at the same time as the wheat crop, and the initial cohort of marked plants had 100% survival to seed production in each year. By comparison, other winter weed species like Hordeum leporinum, Rumex hypogaeus, Sonchus oleraceus and Polygonum aviculare frequently emerged later than the crop and had a lower percentage of plants surviving to seed production. However, individual S. oleraceus and P. aviculare plants had the greatest seed production compared to other species. All winter weeds had variable patterns of seed shedding between years, with the exception of L. rigidum. Summer weed species emerged at the same time, but plants in the initial cohort of each species did not always survive to produce seed. The early emergence and high survivorship of B. diandrus indicates high competitive ability, but shedding commenced at a similar time to L. rigidum and harvest weed seed control may be a viable control method for this species. 相似文献
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优良冬季青绿禾草扁穗雀麦在人工草地中的建植及利用研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本试验研究了在贵州中南部的黄棕壤土中建植扁穗雀麦人工草地时 ,不同的播种时期、播种量、播种方法、利用期及不同刈割方式对扁穗雀麦生长发育的影响。其结果表明 :在无灌溉条件下种植扁穗雀麦 ,播期是成败的关键 ,秋旱后播种最好 ;条播稍好于撒播 ,覆土远胜于不覆土 ;播量以 3 0kg/6 6 7m2 为宜 ,其鲜草产量达 6 349 7kg/6 6 7m2 。扁穗雀麦草地生长第一年产量比第二年低 19 4 % ;其越夏率可达到94 7% ,但利用不当则大幅度下降。因此 ,建议在生长第一年留种 ,第二年以始牧高 30cm ,留茬高 6 0cm时开始刈割或放牧利用 ,并在高温伏旱来临之前重施肥料 ,给它一“休养生息”条件 ,既可达高产 ,又有利于越夏 相似文献
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用钙电极测定牧草中钙含量的方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用钙电极测定禾本科牧草中钙含量的方法,回收率100.02%-97.38%,用高酸钾法的EDTA法与钙电极法作比较试验,结果非常满意。 相似文献
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对11份引自俄罗斯的野生无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss.)材料,在0.3%、0.4%、0.5%NaCl胁迫下,通过存活率、总生物量、叶片伤害率、株高的测定,采用隶属函数法和标准差系数赋予权重法进行耐盐性综合评价。结果表明:供试11份无芒雀麦在0.3%、0.4%、0.5%NaCl胁迫下存活率分别为90%~100%,76.7%~96.7%,67.0%~96.7%;根据耐盐性综合评价值(D)得出供试材料耐盐性顺序为,ZXY04P-371>ZXY04P-255>ZXY04P-136>ZXY04P-188>ZXY04P-96>ZXY04P-503>ZXY04P-34>ZXY04P-322>ZXY04P-241>ZXY04P-46>ZXY04P-18。 相似文献