悠悠枣丰产栽培技术

悠悠枣是河北省涿鹿县近年新发现的早熟鲜食地方枣品种。通过多年的观察试验研究．掌握了悠悠枣的主要特性．并从建园．土肥水管理、花期管理、整形、修剪、病虫害防治、采收、采后处理等方面总结了悠悠枣的丰产栽培技术．     

UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation

Stratospheric ozone (O₃) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O₃ depletion) and 11 (37% O₃ depletion) kJ m^?2 d^?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm² samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐B_BE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m^?2 d^?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general.     

云南温带多年生优良牧草——扁穗雀麦

分析总结了扁穗雀麦的分布、来源、植物学特征、生物学特性、饲用价值和栽培利用措施,以促进该优良牧草的推广利用。由于扁穗雀麦在云南冬春潮湿阴凉环境条件下仍保持绿色,故可作为解决冬春青绿饲料的优良牧草利用。     

生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程及生殖格局的影响

以乌苏1号无芒雀麦为材料,设置2个生长环境（荒漠绿洲区、高海拔地带）,通过观测幼穗分化进程及开花习性,探究生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化及生殖格局的影响。结果表明,无芒雀麦幼穗分化从分蘖期开始至抽穗期结束,分为初生期、伸长期、结节期、小穗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期和完穗期8个时期。幼穗分化是从生长锥顶端第1枝梗原基与小花原基开始分化,相同小枝梗上原基与小花原基均是自下逐渐向上发育;整穗是从顶部向下逐渐开花,下部枝梗开花时间小于上部枝梗;小穗上的小花由下向上逐步开花。与荒漠绿洲区相比,高海拔地带的无芒雀麦幼穗分化时间晚,周期缩短,穗部赤霉素（GA）、脱落酸（ABA）及叶片可溶性蛋白含量相对较高,细胞分裂素（CTK）含量和种子千粒重较低,但高海拔地带单穗成熟种子粒数与单位面积内种子产量高,更适合无芒雀麦种子生产。     

盐胁迫对5份无芒雀麦苗期生长和生理生化的影响及综合性评价

为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm^-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明：除F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变...     

扁穗雀麦种子成熟过程生理响应及适宜收获期研究

为探究扁穗雀麦种子成熟过程中的生理响应,明确适宜的收获条件和时间,以扁穗雀麦"江夏"和"黔南"为试验材料,对种子成熟过程中含水量、粒重、贮藏物质、酶活性和ATP进行研究.结果表明,随着种子的成熟,含水量呈持续下降趋势,但最大失水率在品种间有较大差异."江夏"在花后第33～38天失水率最高,每天为4.94％,而"黔南"在...     

Comparison of growth,survivorship, seed production and shedding of eight weed species in a wheat crop in Western Australia

Development of integrated weed management strategies is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the demography of individual species. The current research established eight winter or summer weed species in a winter annual wheat cropping system at Wongan Hills, Western Australia, and investigated emergence of the first cohort of each species, survivorship, plant size, seed production and seed shedding over three years (2016–2019). The winter weeds Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum emerged at the same time as the wheat crop, and the initial cohort of marked plants had 100% survival to seed production in each year. By comparison, other winter weed species like Hordeum leporinum, Rumex hypogaeus, Sonchus oleraceus and Polygonum aviculare frequently emerged later than the crop and had a lower percentage of plants surviving to seed production. However, individual S. oleraceus and P. aviculare plants had the greatest seed production compared to other species. All winter weeds had variable patterns of seed shedding between years, with the exception of L. rigidum. Summer weed species emerged at the same time, but plants in the initial cohort of each species did not always survive to produce seed. The early emergence and high survivorship of B. diandrus indicates high competitive ability, but shedding commenced at a similar time to L. rigidum and harvest weed seed control may be a viable control method for this species.     

日本无刺楤木促成芽营养成分的比较研究

以日本无刺楤木(Aralia elatavar.inerm is)休眠枝条离体茎段促生芽为试验材料,对芽体内可溶性蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量进行了比较分析。试验分为5个处理组:不同茎段长度的产芽试验、不同茎段直径的产芽试验、不同茎段年龄的产芽试验,相同茎段不同营养条件下的产芽试验和同一茎段不同芽位的产芽试验。结果表明:(1)离体茎段长度为20 cm时,促生芽可溶性蛋白含量和维生素C含量最高,与其他长度处理差异极显著,可溶性糖含量差异不显著。(2)不同培养条件下,芽体内的3种营养成分差异均不显著。(3)不同直径处理组中,芽体内3种营养成分含量均存在极显著差异。直径为5.8 mm时可溶性蛋白和维生纱C含量最高,直径为8.8 mm时可溶性糖含量最高。(4)2年生茎段促生芽的可溶性蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量均高于1年生茎段。(5)同一茎段不同芽位的促生芽,以下位芽3种营养成分含量为最高。     

优良冬季青绿禾草扁穗雀麦在人工草地中的建植及利用研究

本试验研究了在贵州中南部的黄棕壤土中建植扁穗雀麦人工草地时 ,不同的播种时期、播种量、播种方法、利用期及不同刈割方式对扁穗雀麦生长发育的影响。其结果表明 :在无灌溉条件下种植扁穗雀麦 ,播期是成败的关键 ,秋旱后播种最好 ;条播稍好于撒播 ,覆土远胜于不覆土 ;播量以 3 0kg/6 6 7m2 为宜 ,其鲜草产量达 6 349 7kg/6 6 7m2 。扁穗雀麦草地生长第一年产量比第二年低 19 4 % ;其越夏率可达到94 7% ,但利用不当则大幅度下降。因此 ,建议在生长第一年留种 ,第二年以始牧高 30cm ,留茬高 6 0cm时开始刈割或放牧利用 ,并在高温伏旱来临之前重施肥料 ,给它一“休养生息”条件 ,既可达高产 ,又有利于越夏     

旱雀麦秋季药剂茎叶处理防效试验

70%彪虎水分散粒剂3～4g/667m2,用药量对水30L/667m2,在秋季小麦播种后旱雀麦杂草3～4叶期进行茎叶喷雾处理,对小麦安全,杂草防除效果达90.00%以上,与对照比增产效果达70.00%以上。