Effect of Completion of Vernalization on Generative Development of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) Plants

Germinating seeds and young plants of winter rape var. Górczañski were vernalized for 56–63 days under conditions of 9-hour day, at the temperature 2 and 5 °C and in continuous darkness at the temperature 2 °C. After vernalization the plants grew under conditions enabling to complete vernalization: in a glass-house at the temperature day/night 15/10 °C and in semi natural conditions of open vegetation hall in the period from June till August. After sub-optimal vernalization further growth of the plants at lowered temperature increased its effectiveness (completion of vernalization). Depending on the degree of the vernalization of the plants the completion of their vernalization was both obligatory, i.e. conditioning the acquisition of the ability of generative development, and facultative i.e. accelerating this development. It has been demonstrated that the population of plants of the examined variety is strongly differentiated not only with respect of vernalization requirements in the particular plants, but also what regards the effectiveness of vernalization completion. New observations have been made indicating that the mechanisms controlling the successive phases of generative development, i.e. phase of forming flower buds and the flowering phase are not identical which may be interpreted as indicating that the "flowering factor" is polymorphous.     

腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响

为探究腐殖酸水溶肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响 本研究以抗热605青菜为试验材料,共设计6组施肥试验,分别为CK1(有机肥2.5g/盆)、CK2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆)、T1(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥100倍液)、T2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥200倍液)、T3(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥400倍液)、T4(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥800倍液),研究结过表明:腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上增加基质青菜的株高、叶宽、叶长、冠幅及地上鲜重,其中腐殖酸水溶肥起主导作用,枯草芽孢杆菌作用较为微弱,综合各生长指标考量以T2处理效果最佳。     

甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传研究

采用7×7双列杂交设计,研究了甘蓝型油菜含油量的基因作用和其它遗传参数,以及含油量与其它农艺性状、品质性状的关系。结果表明:含油量的遗传符合加性—显性遗传模型,有关基因在亲本中呈独立分布;显性指向增效,表现超显性作用;亲本中显性基因比隐性基因多,增效基因比减效基因的频率大;控制含油量并表现显性的基因约为4组;含油量的广义和狭义遗传力分别为81.16％和30.90％。单相关和逐步回归分析一致表明,单株产量、每角粒数、主花序长度和株高对含油量有较强正向作用,但角果长度和全株总角果数的作用为负。本文还讨论了基因作用分析在探讨配合力的基因效应成分和杂种优势产生的可能原因中的意义,及其在选择中的应用。     

Assessment of the impact of resistant and susceptible canola on Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculum potential

The impact on clubroot severity of growing susceptible canola or mixtures of resistant and susceptible canola genotypes was examined. Bioassays revealed greater clubroot severity and incidence, and reduced plant height, where 100% of a susceptible cultivar had been grown. A higher proportion of susceptible plants within a resistant canola crop increased root hair and secondary infections. Regression analysis of root hair infection and the amount of Plasmodiophora brassicae DNA (as determined by quantitative PCR) revealed strong linear relationships between the two parameters. The linear relationships between root hair infection and P. brassicae DNA were stronger for the resistant cultivar than for the susceptible cultivar when regression analysis was conducted by cultivar over the sampling dates. In conclusion, the cropping of a resistant cultivar reduced clubroot severity, while the presence of susceptible volunteer canola increased inoculum potential. Quantitative PCR was a reliable tool for the quantification of root hair infection.     

农杆菌介导半夏凝集素基因对油菜的遗传转化

以3～4d苗龄的甘蓝型油菜品种陇油2号带柄子叶为转化受体材料,通过农杆菌LBA4404介导将半夏凝集素抗虫基因（pta）导入,获得抗卡那霉素的抗性植株3株。实验中还对影响油菜遗传转化的外源激素种类和配比进行了研究,结果表明,在预培养阶段1．0mg／L 2,4-D与0．2mg／L6-BA配合使用比单独使用2,4-D效果好,在幼苗分化阶段2．5mg／L6-BA、0．1mg／L NAA和0．5mg／L GA3配合使用有促进芽分化、抑制根分化的作用。     

甘蓝型油菜温敏核不育系湘油402S的选育

甘蓝型油菜温敏核不育系湘油402S是利用杂交育种与系统育种相结合的方法经6年8代选育而成.该不育系与其原始亲本湘油91S和中双4号相比,在育性上与湘油91S相似,其育性变化都经历由可育→部分不育→全不育的过程;在农艺性状上与父本中双4号相近.在品质性状上,湘油402S具有低芥酸和低硫代葡萄糖甙的双低品质.     

甘蓝型油菜MSL不育系花药发育的细胞学研究

为了揭示MSL(male sterility lembke)的小孢子败育时期及其特点,从而促进中国及世界油菜杂种优势利用的步伐。选用MSL衍生系的不育材料和可育材料为试验材料,采用常规压片和石蜡切片技术,观察其花药发育过程。通过对MSL不育材料的细胞学观察,发现MSL可发育到四分体时期,四分体不同程度皱缩,绒毡层径向伸长,并含有一个特别大的液泡,液泡将细胞核和细胞质挤向细胞的一边,胞质浓缩。随着发育的进行,绒毡层进一步伸长,向内挤压四分体,腔室体积变小。紧接着液泡化并且伸长了的绒毡层和浓缩的四分体溶解在一起,花粉囊横切面的形状发生改变,由圆形变成长条形,最后整个花药室萎缩。结果表明MSL的败育时期为四分体时期,由于绒毡层的异常而导致败育。     

影响北方白菜型冬油菜主要农艺性状变异的气象因子分析

为探究影响北方冬油菜农艺性状的气象因子,以新疆自治区阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐和喀什为研究试点,选择陇油6号、陇油7号、陇油8号、天油2号、天油4号、天油7号共6个抗寒性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种为研究材料,采用适定性分析法和相关性分析法,研究气象因子对冬油菜的株高、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角粒数等农艺性状的影响。结果显示：随纬度降低越冬率增加,农艺性状变劣,其中千粒重、株高和角粒数变异系数较小,分别为5.86%、6.23%和12.63%,单株角果数的变异系数较大,为28.25%;参试品种间,强抗寒品种陇油6号和陇油7号的农艺性状变异系数较小,弱抗寒品种天油2号等变异系数较大;农艺性状与越冬率显著正相关（P<0.05）,角粒数与各种气象因子的相关性均达显著水平（P<0.05）;积雪天数、年降雨量和最大积雪厚度对农艺性状具有正效应,累积贡献率达到0.877,最冷月最低气温、地面极端低温、负积温和年均气温对农艺性状具有负效应,累积贡献率达到-0.871。因此,在北方寒区,选择强抗寒冬油菜品种有利于保持农艺性状稳定,获得较好产量与效益。     

Inheritance and agronomic performance of an apetalous flower mutant in Brassica napus L

A spontaneous mutant with apetalous flowers was obtained from a hybrid progeny in Brassica napus. The result of genetic analysis showed that the apetalous character was controlled by only one gene locus, petalous flower exhibited incomplete dominance over apetalous flower and that its expression was not affected by cytoplasmic factors. Sixteen agronomically important characteristics of the apetalous line Apet33-10 were compared with those of its petalled near-isogenic line Pet33-10. Results from 4 years of tests indicated that there was no difference between Apet33-10 and Pet33-10 in all tested agronomic characteristics, except for the pod number of main inflorescence and second-order branches at low sclerotinia disease incidence. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease severity index of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10, and correspondingly, the plot yield of Apet33-10 was increased obviously in comparison to that of Pet33-10 if sclerotinia disease was serious. The pod number of main inflorescence of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10. On the other hand, the pod number of second-order branches of Apet33-10 was significantly higher than that of Pet33-10, hence no overage difference of the pod number per plant was observed between the two lines.     

金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝种植模式研究

为了提高土地复种指数,增加贵州省大方县农民收入,进行了金玉818青贮玉米接茬花溪芜菁甘蓝的种植模式研究。研究结果表明,该种植模式在大方县的种植效果较好,其纯收入可达到27517.50元/hm2。