Activity of glutathione S-transferase toward some herbicides and its regulation by benoxacor in non-embryogenic callus and in vitro regenerated tissues of Zea mays

A procedure was developed to obtain non-embryogenic callus and regenerated lines from root segments of Zea mays grown in aseptic conditions. The activity of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), for non-embryogenic callus, was determined toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and it was compared with that obtained for corn seedlings grown without hormones. For the callus masses, increases of specific activity toward CDNB and the kinetic parameter V_max were observed with respect to corn seedlings. The procedure permitted the regenerating of tissues from callus explants, therefore the GST(CDNB) activity and the effect of the safener benoxacor on its expression were investigated for the regenerated tissues grown in agarized substrate and in liquid medium. These explants showed a constitutive GST(CDNB) activity higher than corn seedlings and this activity was increased, for both tissues, in response to the presence of the safener benoxacor in the growing medium. The GST activity for the above tissues was also assayed toward benoxacor and terbuthylazine, metolachlor and fluorodifen herbicides. Measurable GST activity was found toward some of the above chemicals and it was found to be significantly enhanced in response to benoxacor treatment.     

解草酮对高粱精异丙甲草胺药害缓解作用研究

为研究高粱田精异丙甲草胺安全剂的使用技术,在室内盆栽条件下,研究解草酮对高粱精异丙甲草胺药害的缓解作用。结果表明:解草酮20g/kg种子处理可使精异丙甲草胺300~1 200g/hm~2对高粱株高抑制率降低38.28%~67.50%,随着除草剂使用剂量加大,解草酮的缓解作用逐渐降低。解草酮1.25~20g/kg种子处理,能够使精异丙甲草胺1 800g/hm~2对高粱株高抑制作用降低40.14%~46.37%,解草酮处理剂量改变,其缓解效果变化并不显著。进一步研究表明,解草酮1g/kg种子处理可显著提高高粱对精异丙甲草胺的耐药性,精异丙甲草胺对高粱株高和鲜质量抑制中剂量(ED_(50)值)分别提高32.06、35.17倍。对不同高粱品种进行测定表明,解草酮1g/kg种子处理对不同高粱品种保护效果差异较大,对‘绿宝甜’‘黄河’和‘龙杂13’等高粱品种保护效果较好,对‘沈杂5’‘龙杂5’‘龙杂10’‘龙杂11’等品种保护效果较差。以上研究表明,解草酮种子处理能够有效提高部分高粱品种对精异丙甲草胺的耐药性,降低精异丙甲草胺药害风险。