甘肃省油橄榄和紫苏生产现状及发展建议

采用文献检索分析与调研相结合的方法,从全产业链的角度系统分析了甘肃省特种油料作物油橄榄和紫苏的具体分布区域,生产现状以及规范化种植和精深加工等方面存在的主要问题,提出油橄榄要合理布局;改造低产园,建设丰产示范园;扶持发展加工企业;加强科研合作,广泛深入开展与品种、栽培管理、加工增值相关的科学研究;加大标准化栽培技术培训力度;建设良种苗木繁育基地;设立政府监管部门组织机构;组建农民专业合作经济组织;加强宣传,逐步确立甘肃油橄榄在全国的名牌地位;研究制定促进油橄榄产业健康、快速、稳定发展的政策措施,引导生产、加工、科研协调发展。紫苏应科学制定发展规划;加快新品种引进与技术创新步伐;加大新技术的推广力度,提高紫苏生产的科技含量;加快推进产业化经营步伐。     

极香罗勒芳香油成分GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,对极香罗勒芳香油进行了萃取,并利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对芳香油成分进行了鉴定。结果表明:芳香油的主要成分为萜类物质共34种,占总芳香油的46.47%;脂肪酸类3种,占总芳香油的34.61%;芳香族醚类化合物有3种,总芳香油的7.84%;酯类有2种,占总芳香油的3.91%;烃类2种,占总芳香油的1.86%。芳香油中相对含量最高的是亚麻酸,占总芳香油的27.69%;其次是芳樟醇,占总芳香油的12.96%;其它含量较高的成分依次是(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯(7.53%)、m-丁香酚(5.88%)。     

罗勒在盐胁迫条件下水分生理及精油含量的变化

本研究旨在寻找增加芳香植物罗勒(Ocimum basiicum L)的次生代谢产物(精油)的有效途径,对罗勒生长过程中制造一种盐分压力的环境胁迫的手段进行了尝试性研究。用本研究设计的高浓度的复合盐配方处理的结果表明虽然在盐分胁迫下的罗勒水势降低,气孔阻力加大,蒸腾速度减弱,但没有对罗勒的生物量产生大的影响,相反却提高了精油含有率。     

Diversification of diseases affecting herb crops in Israel accompanies the increase in Herb crop production

During the last 15 years there has been a significant increase in both field and greenhouse herb crop production in Israel. Many new species and cultivars are being grown. The increase in herb production has been accompanied by an increase in the occurrence of known soilborne and foliar pathogens along with some new diseases and new forms of existing diseases. Apart from the expansion of herb crop production, the changes in cultural and harvesting practices are likely contributors to the increase in disease incidence.     

Alternaria leaf spot of basil caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alternaria alternata</Emphasis> in Japan

An outbreak of black mottle and dieback on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; Lamiaceae) was recorded in a greenhouse in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan during 2004. The causal agent was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler based on morphological characters and growth temperature. This report is the first of Alternaria leaf spot of basil caused by A. alternata.     

Fusarium wilt on sweet basil: Cause and sources in southeastern Spain

This study concerned a new disease detected in 1997 in southeastern Spain — Fusarium wilt in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), caused byFusarium oxysporum f.sp.basilici. Its importance was evaluated at two locations in the Almería area, where 14% of the plants presented symptoms of the disease after 4 months of cropping. The search for sources of the disease inoculum was centered on the health of the seeds and the polypropylene trays that were reused for plant production. Analysis of four lots of seeds from Germany and Italy showed that two of them harboredF. oxysporum f.sp.basilici. This finding was confirmed by the analysis of seeds collected from diseased plants. Furthermore, analysis of three reused trays revealed the presence of the pathogen on them and it was concluded that the trays acted as the source of dispersion of the mycosis. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

九层塔的品种特性及在海南地区的栽培技术

介绍了九层塔的形态特征及栽培品种的特性,并着重阐述了九层塔在热带地区的关键栽培与田间管理技术。并指出了九层塔作为药、食两用的芳香植物在海南具有广阔的发展前景。     

Optimal Organic Fertilizer Rates for Greenhouse Production of Container Fresh Herbs

There is minimal published research information on optimal fertilizer rates for growing organic herbs in a greenhouse container system under warm climate in south Florida. Our objective was to determine the optimum organic fertilizer rate for container herb production in a greenhouse for basil (Ocimum basilicum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and dill (Anethum graveolens) using Perdue certified organic fertilizer (Agri Recycle, 4–2-3, Seaford, DE) (4N-0.85P-0.25K). The organic fertilizer was mixed with potting medium (Fafard, Conrad Fafard, Inc.; Agawam, MA) at four rates: 0, 10.6, 21.1, and 31.7 g of fertilizer per L of potting medium. Results indicated an increase in nitrogen in plant tissue with an increase in fertilizer rate for all herbs and both trials. Based on statistical results from the fresh and dry weights of the herbs, the Purdue fertilizer rate for optimum production should be between 21.1 and 31.7 g of fertilizer per L of potting media. The lower fertilizer rate (21.1 g) is more attractive for overall production since it would result in a lower cost than using the 31.7 g fertilizer rate. This recommendation is based on the fertilizer chosen, the herb, the potting media, and the location of this study.     

不同浓度镉对罗勒植株生长及镉吸收累积的影响

[目的]探讨不同浓度镉（0、1、5和10 mg/L）对罗勒植株生长及镉吸收累积的影响。[方法]以Hoagland营养液为基础,罗勒为材料,研究了不同浓度镉对罗勒植株生长、镉吸收累积及可溶性糖、全N、全P和全K含量的影响。[结果]低浓度镉（1 mg/L）对罗勒生长及地上部鲜重和干重的累积有一定的促进作用,高浓度镉（5和10 mg/L）对罗勒的生长、地上部与地下部的鲜重和干重产生抑制作用。随镉浓度增加,罗勒叶片中叶绿素含量呈逐渐降低趋势,且均低于对照;罗勒地上部可溶性糖含量呈逐渐增加趋势,且均高于对照,地下部可溶性糖含量均显著低于对照;地上部的全N、全P、全K含量均高于地下部。随镉浓度增加,罗勒对镉的吸收累积呈增加趋势。[结论]罗勒是一种有潜力的镉高累积芳香植物。     

Efficacy of essential oils in the control of cumin root rot disease caused by Fusarium spp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some natural safe essential oils in control of cumin root rot disease to reduce the pollution of environment as a result of wide distribution of synthetic chemicals which are employed as fungicides.