Age-related resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is associated with the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis and is effective against Peronospora parasitica

As plants mature it has been observed that some become more resistant to normally virulent pathogens. The ability to manifest the Age-Related Resistance (ARR) response in Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars tomato (Pst) coincided with the transition to flowering in plants both delayed and accelerated in the transition to flowering. ARR was also associated with a change in PR-1 gene expression, such that young plants expressed PR-1 abundantly at 3 days post inoculation (dpi) while mature plants expressed much less. The Arabidopsis ARR response requires SA accumulation via isochorismate synthase (ICS1) [24]. ICS1 was expressed one dpi with virulent and avirulent Pst in both young and mature plants. The ARR response was also effective versus avirulent Pst providing an additional 4-fold limitation in bacterial growth. Arabidopsis ARR was found to be ineffective against two necrotrophs, Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (bacterium) and Botrytis cinerea (fungus) and one obligate biotroph, Erysiphe cichoracearum (fungus). However, mature wild type, SA-deficient sid2 and NahG plants supported little growth of the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica. Therefore ARR to P. parasitica appears to be SA-independent, however the level of ARR resistance was somewhat reduced in these mutants in some experiments. Thus, there may be numerous defence pathways that contribute to adult plant resistance in Arabidopsis.     

Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and Neurospora crassa

Allelopathy in Arabidopsis seeds was investigated in the present study because there are few available reports of allelopathy studies regarding the early development stage of the plant life cycle, and because Arabidopsis is widely used as a model plant for molecular biology. When cockscomb ( Celosia cristata ) was incubated together with Arabidopsis seeds, the growth of cockscomb was promoted by Arabidopsis seeds. Exudate of Arabidopsis seeds showed a promotive activity on the growth of cockscomb and Arabidopsis itself. A new method for studying allelopathic mechanisms involving the interaction of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and the fungus Neurospora crassa was suggested. Arabidopsis seed exudate and the water-soluble fraction of the exudate promoted Arabidopsis growth and reduced fungal germination, indicating that the seed exudate has a species-selective activity. Conversely, the ethylacetate-soluble fraction inhibited growth of all tested materials in the current study. These results demonstrate that the water-soluble substance(s) released from Arabidopsis seeds have species-selective activity on growth of both plants and microorganisms.     

拟南芥U-box蛋白的研究进展

泛素-26s蛋白酶体途径（ubiquitin-26s proteosome pathway,UPP）是真核生物体内一种高度选择性的蛋白降解途径。U—box蛋白是该途径中决定底物特异性的一种泛素连接酶E3。U—box结构域大约由70个氨基酸残基构成,在酵母、植物和动物等真核生物中高度保守。植物U-box蛋白（plant U—box protein,PUB）的数目远多于其他生物,在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。目前在拟南芥中已发现60多个PUB蛋白（Arabidopsis plant U-box protein,AtPUB）,成为近年来受到较多关注的一类蛋白。本文根据蛋白的结构特征和系统进化树比较,将61种AtPUB蛋白分为7大类。同时,对已报道AtPUB蛋白的功能进行了综述并提出了研究展望。     

拟南芥霜霉病抗性分子机制研究进展

随着近年分子生物学技术的发展与应用,植物霜霉病抗性的研究有了长足的进展。本文就拟南芥抗霜霉病基因的克隆与结构分析,抗病信号传导,防卫反应和系统获得抗性,以及寄主-寄生菌共进化冲突方面进行了综述,并就今后的研究进行了展望。     

拟南芥和水稻cystatin基因家族的生物信息学分析

利用已经分离的植物半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(cystatin)基因的cystatin结构域为检索序列在基因组水平上对拟南芥和水稻中的cystatin基因家族的成员进行分析;同时利用这些基因编码的蛋白质序列构建系统发生树,并对这些蛋白序列的保守序列进行分析;最后在GenBank的EST数据库中查找这些基因的ESTs表达序列。结果表明:1结合结构域的鉴定、多序列联配以及MEME分析最终确定了7个拟南芥和11个水稻的cystatin基因。2系统发生分析表明,cystatin基因的基本特征很可能是在拟南芥和水稻的分离之前就已经形成。3 cystatin结构域在蛋白质间高度保守。4拟南芥和水稻的cystatin基因主要在花、叶、根、种子和愈伤组织中表达,这有助于植物避免昆虫的侵害。     

钙依赖蛋白激酶基因表达载体的构建及其对拟南芥的遗传转化

将钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPK)基因插入到植物表达载体pBI121上,构建成特异性表达载体pBI121-CDPK,并采用农杆菌介导法将其转化进入拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia生态型品种中,获得了卡那霉素筛选的抗性植株,通过PCR扩增验证,拟南芥基因组中含有此抗性基因.     

我国西藏四种植物染色体数目观察

本文对西藏四种植物进行染色体观察，这四种植物的染色体数目均为国内外首次报道。     

拟南芥DUF647家族成员RUS4植物表达载体的构建及亚细胞定位

ROOT UV-B SENSITIVE4 (RUS4)是拟南芥DUF647蛋白家族的一个功能未知的成员。RUS1和RUS2曾经报道和根UV-B-感应途径相关联,并在拟南芥早期幼苗形态发生和发育中发挥重要作用。为了探究RUS4的分子功能,本研究对RUS4蛋白进行了亚细胞定位分析。首先,我们通过Gateway TOPO载体系统,构建了融合蛋白表达载体pMDC83-RUS4;然后,通过农杆菌介导的花苞转化法,获得了转化pMDC83-RUS4的转基因拟南芥株系;对转基因植物叶肉原生质体的荧光显微镜观察显示,RUS4-GFP信号与叶绿体的自发荧光共定位,说明RUS4蛋白定位叶绿体中。该结果为进一步研究RUS4的分子功能奠定了良好的基础。