毛细管气相色谱法同时测定苹果 梨中氯氰菊酯联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的残留量

利用乙腈提取、氧化铝和弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留量的方法。结果表明,用20mL10%丙酮/石油醚作为淋洗液,0.5mg·L-1水平时苹果、梨在两种填料的回收率都在90%—120%之间;在0.05mg·L-1水平时,苹果、梨在弗罗里硅土柱上,3种菊酯都达到了90%—110%的满意结果;而在氧化铝柱上,只有联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯达到90%—110%的结果,氯氰菊酯只达到64.8%和61.5%的结果。综合考虑,利用弗罗里硅土柱对这3种菊酯的净化效果较好,高低浓度均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

Research into fluorinated pyrethroid alcohols—an episode in the history of pyrethroid discovery

An account of pyrethroid research from 1975 to 1985 at Bayer AG is given. The exploitation of fluorine chemistry for this purpose led to increased activity of known 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroid esters and to the commercialisation of the broad-spectrum insecticide cyfluthrin, the particularly tick-toxic flumethrin and the rapid-acting household insecticides fenfluthrin and transfluthrin. The last two constituted in 1976 a novel type of pyrethroid, based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohols, off the mainstream of published pyrethroid research. Transfluthrin, the single isomer (1R)trans-permethric acid ester of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol has just been introduced to the market. The history of its discovery and structure–activity data as well as resistance considerations regarding cyfluthrin, are presented. © 1998 SCI.     

氟氯氰菊酯在茶叶中的残留动态研究

采用田间小区试验方法研究了氟氯氰菊酯在茶叶中的残留动态和最终残留量。残留动态试验结果表明，在本地特有的自然环境条件下，氟氯氰菊酯在茶叶中的消解速度很快，其半衰期为1.88d。最终残留量的测定结果表明，按照推荐使用剂量和推荐安全间隔期，氟氯氰菊酯在茶叶中无残留。     

Effect of micronutrients on B‐N‐Oxalyl l‐α, β‐diamino propionic acid level and its biosynthesis in Lathyrus Sativus

The detoxification of L. sativus grains by spraying of 0.5 ppm cobalt (nitrate) and 20 ppm molybdehum (ammonium molybdate) salts at the maximun flowering stage ‐ a suggestion based on preliminary findings ‐ has been confirmed in this investigation. Regulatory mechanisms of these micronutrients at the enzymatic level were also studied. On the basis of these observations, the involvement of a hitherto unknown biosynthetic pathway of BOAA cannot be ruled out.     

氟氯氰菊酯与高效氟氯氰菊酯危险性分类研究

采用联合国TDG体系、联合国GHS制度、欧盟CLP法规、中国与化学品分类相关的国标对氟氯氰菊酯与高效氟氯氰菊酯进行了危险性分类,得到了权威的分类结果,结论有助于两种农药的全生命周期正确操作与处理。     

Acute lethal and behavioral sublethal responses of two stored-product psocids to surface insecticides

BACKGROUND: The psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae) are emerging pests of stored products. Although their behavior, particularly their high mobility, may contribute to the reported relatively low efficacy of insecticides against them, studies to investigate this have not been conducted. The present study aimed to assess the label rate efficacy of three commercial insecticides (β‐cyfluthrin, chlorfenapyr and pyrethrins) applied on concrete surfaces against L. bostrychophila and L. entomophila, and also their sublethal effect on the mobility of these species. RESULTS: The synthetic insecticides β‐cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr showed high short‐term efficacy (LT₉₅≤15 h) against both psocid species, unlike the natural pyrethrins (LT₉₅ ≥ 4 days). Liposcelis bostrychophila was slightly more tolerant (≥1.2×) than L. entomophila to all three insecticides. Behavioral assays with fully sprayed and half‐sprayed concrete arenas indicated that the insecticides reduced the mobility of both species. Pyrethrins seem to elicit weak repellence in L. bostrychophila. CONCLUSION: β‐Cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr were effective against both psocid species, but not pyrethrins. The mobility of both species does not seem to play a major role in the differential selectivity observed, but the lower mobility of L. bostrychophila may be a contributing factor to its higher insecticide tolerance. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5种杀虫剂在水-人工底泥系统中对大型溞的急性毒性及其比较

建立了包含＂水＂和＂底泥＂两相的水蚤毒性测试系统（水相为全人工培养液,＂底泥＂为OECD配方标准化人工土）,并通过该系统测得毒死蜱（chlorpyrifos）、氟虫腈（fipronil）、氰戊菊酯（fenvalerate）、氟氯氰菊酯（cyfluthrin）、联苯菊酯（bifenthrin）对大型溞（Daphnia magna）的急性毒性（48 h-LC50）分别为9.01、88.1、0.142、0.097 6、0.050 4μg.L-1。对比水相的急性毒性测定结果发现,在有底泥的条件下,所测得的联苯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱的大型溞毒性低于水相的测定结果,而氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈的毒性则比水相中的测定结果要高。研究结果反映出药剂和受试生物在＂水-底泥＂系统内相互作用的复杂性和难以预见性,从而在为相关农药生态安全评价提供科学依据的同时,为在更接近实际暴露状态下开展评价试验提供了一种简便有效的方法。     

小白菜中残留高效氯氰菊酯及氟氯氰菊酯的超临界流体萃取条件的研究

应用超临界流体萃取(SupercriticalFluidExtraction,SFE)技术,建立了高效氯氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的萃取分离及GC检测方法。高效氯氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的SFE优化条件分别为:压力4000psi、温度65℃、CO2体积10mL,萃取率99.96%;压力6000psi、温度45℃、CO2体积30mL,萃取率101.95%。     

Effectiveness of cyfluthrin dust treatment for control and protection of shelled maize against infestation by the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Tanzania

Abstract

Knockdown, mortality and residual activity of pyrethrins and cyfluthrin were studied on the larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Pyrethrum marc with 0.4% pyrethrins and cyfluthrin dust (0.1% a.i.) when applied on filter paper at 0.72 mg/cm² gave 98.6% and 100% knockdown (KD) respectively after 6 h. Cyfluthrin dust had a faster KD effect with 100% KD compared to 93.1% for pyrethrum marc, ½1/2>h after treatment. After 24 h there was no recovery from KD in both treatments. After 72 h, 23.2% of the LGB had recovered from KD while mortality was 76.8% in the pyrethrum marc treatment. After the same period, cyfluthrin resulted in 100% mortality. Mortality of P. truncatus exposed to different dosages of cyfluthrin dust in shelled maize was less than 100% at dosages lower than 1 part per million (ppm) but was 100% at 1 ppm and higher dosages 3 days after treatment. Progeny emergence was suppressed at all dosage levels above 0.25 ppm compared to a mean progeny of 68.8 in the check after 45 days. Cyfluthrin dust was more residually toxic at 0.5 ppm and higher dosages, with mortality of >90% at 5 months after treatment. This suggests that cyfluthrin dust at 0.1% a.i. mixed with shelled maize at 1 ppm will give protection and control of LGB infestation.     

氟氯氰菊酯的顺反异构体分离研究

本文介绍用硅胶柱,正己烷＋四氢呋喃（１００＋１）为流动相,检测波长２５４ｎｍ的正相高效液相色谱对氟氯氰菊酯的二对顺反异构体进行了分离。