Emerging therapeutic approaches for canine sarcomas: Pushing the boundaries beyond the conventional

Sarcomas represent a group of genomically chaotic, highly heterogenous tumours of mesenchymal origin with variable mutational load. Conventional therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is effective for managing small, low‐grade sarcomas and remains the standard therapeutic approach. For advanced, high‐grade, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas, systemic chemotherapy provides minimal benefit, therefore, there is a drive to develop novel approaches. The discovery of “Coley's toxins” in the 19th century, and their use to stimulate the immune system supported the application of unconventional therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. While promising, this initial work was abandoned and treatment paradigm and disease course of sarcomas was largely unchanged for several decades. Exciting new therapies are currently changing treatment algorithms for advanced carcinomas and melanomas, and similar approaches are being applied to advance the field of sarcoma research. Recent discoveries in subtype‐specific cancer biology and the identification of distinct molecular targets have led to the development of promising targeted strategies with remarkable potential to change the landscape of sarcoma therapy in dogs. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current standard of care and limitations as well as emerging approaches for sarcoma therapy that span many of the most active paradigms in oncologic research, including immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and drugs capable of cellular metabolic reprogramming.     

纳豆菌(Bacillus natto)纤溶活性分析

通过纤维平板法测定了纳豆菌（ＢａｃｉｌｕｓＮａｔｏ）的裂解纤维凝块抗血栓活性。同时，初步探索了该菌抗血栓有效成份—纳豆激酶（Ｎａｔｏｋｉｎａｓｅ）在３７℃下产率最高，该菌的液体培养５０ｈ左右酶活性最佳。并查明该酶在培养液ｐＨ为６．３０～１０．８０，室温下可稳定持续表现纤溶活性达４０ｈ左右     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂系统在鼻咽癌细胞系及其两个克隆株中的表达和意义

目的：研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)系统3种主要成分(uPA、uPAR、PAI—1)在一鼻咽癌细胞系(CEN—2Z)及其它的两个克隆株(CNE—2Z—H5、CNE—2Z—H5—9)中的作用。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶反应(RT—PCR)方法检测uPA系统各因子在基因转录水平的表达。结果：uPA，uPARmRNA在CNE—2Z—H5—9中表达最高，在CNE—2Z中表达最低；PAI—1mRNA在CNE—2Z—H5—9中无表达，在CNE—2Z，CNE—2Z—H5有表达，但差异无显若性。结论：uPA、uPAR可能促进鼻咽癌细胞侵袭、转移，PAI—1可能起抑制作用。     

Fibrinolytic activity and its mechanisms in various leukemic cell lines

AIM:To study the relation between expression of uPAR and annexinⅡ and fibrinolytic activity in various leukemic cell lines. METHODS:The plasma activity was measured under the reaction between cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji and plaminogen by chromogenic assay. The protein expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by flow cytometry method. The mRNA expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The plasma activity in SHI-1 cells and NB4 cells were higher obviously than that in Raji, K562 and Jurkat cells. The protein expression ratio of uPAR and annexinⅡ in NB4 cells were (13.15±1.61)% and (95.97±1.19)%， respectively, they were (99.00±0.26)%, (90.35±2.15)% respectively in SHI-1 cells, and they were lower in K562, Jurkat, Raji cells. The expression of annexinⅡ mRNA in NB4 cells was higher than that in SHI-1 cells, and they were undectectable in K562 and Jurkat cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in NB4 and SHI-1 cells were higher than that in Jurkat and K562 cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in Raji cells was undectectable. CONCLUSION:The primary hyperfibrinolysis in leucocythemia cells was observed, and relation was closely with the expression of annexinⅡ. It might be the main reason for bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia.     

Studies on a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme(Nattokinase)in the Vegetable Cheese Natto

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎａＮｏｖｅｌＦｉｂｒｉｎｏｌｙｔｉｃＥｎｚｙｍｅ（Ｎａｔｔｏｋｉｎａｓｅ）ｉｎｔｈｅＶｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅＣｈｅｅｓｅＮａｔｔｏＸｕＺｈｏｎｇ,ＺｈｅｎｇＺｈｉｙｉｎｇ,ＺｈａｏＸｉａｏｄｏｎｇ,ＣａｎｇＪｉｎｇ,ＺｈａｏＧｕｏｈｕｉ...