亚麻工艺长相关性状的通径分析

本试验以6个普通亚麻品种为材料,进行工艺长相关性状的通径分析。结果表明,5个相关性状对工艺长度影响大小顺序为:单株粒重>单株粒数>千粒重>株高>主茎分枝数。降低单株粒重是提高工艺长度的主要途径。在千粒重、单株粒重相对稳定的类型中,选择植株较高、单株粒数较多者,或在株高、单株粒数相对稳定的类型中,选择千粒重较高者是提高工艺长度的重要途径。减少主茎分枝数亦可有效提高工艺长度,但作用较小。     

鲁西南地区果树需冷量的研究

2000～2001年,采用Utah加权模型,先后对鲁西南地区常见的葡萄、桃和油桃、杏品种的需冷量进行了研究。结果表明:不同树种、品种的需冷量差异显著。葡萄的需冷量最高,为1010～1840c.u。桃和油桃最低,花芽为620～910c.u,叶芽为500～890c.u。杏介于二者之间,花芽和叶芽均为790～910c.u。各树种、品种的需冷量年际间均有差异。葡葡、杏不同品种需冷量的高低与本品种果实成熟期早晚的关系表现为成熟期早,需冷量低;成熟期晚,需冷量高。但桃树不同品种的需冷量高低与本品种的果实成熟期无明显相关关系,果实成熟期早,但需冷量较高的情况普遍存在。同一品种其花芽、叶芽的需冷量不一,基本趋势是花芽的需冷量高于叶芽。     

桃品种需冷量评价模式的探讨

 通过1986～2001年对450余份桃品种需冷量的7．2℃模式、0～7．2℃模式(不包括0℃)和犹它模式比较分析，归纳出桃品种需冷量的评价模式为：以秋季日平均温度稳定低于7．2~C的日期为需冷量测定的起点，以0～7．2℃累积低温值作为需冷量的评价标准比较适宜；犹它模式在中需冷量和长需冷量范围内能有效预测休眠的结束，而不适宜低需冷量品种的测定；7．2℃模式不适宜作为需冷量的评价模式。品种的需冷量与叶芽开放和始花期的相关系数分别为0．52和0．58，均达到极显著水平。提出了桃品种需冷量评价的系列标准参照品种。     

Questionnaire-based study on consumer requirements for beef quality in Japan

A questionnaire study examining Japanese consumers’ requirements for beef quality was carried out in April 2002 in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Answers from 532 participants were used for the statistical analysis. Twenty questions about sensory properties, appearance, safety and freshness, production area, price, and other properties were prepared. The answers were applied to principal component analysis. Five principal components were obtained and defined, and the principle component scores were used to classify participants. The panels were classified into four groups profiled as ‘specific quality orientated’, ‘Wagyu (Japanese beef) orientated’, ‘safety and freshness orientated’ and ‘overall high quality orientated’. In addition, gender and age characteristics were different among the groups. Sensory properties did not affect the classification of respondents.     

施肥和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草钙、磷、镁含量的影响及其与家畜需要的关系

研究了不同施肥处理和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草Ca、P和Mg含量的影响及其与家畜营养的关系,结果表明,有机肥的施用显著降低了植株Ca含量,对植株P和Mg含量无显著影响;随无机氮施用水平的提高,杂交狼尾草植株Ca和Mg含量显著提高,P含量显著降低;植株Ca、Mg含量均随刈割日期的推迟而显著提高,植株磷含量随刈割日期的推迟呈先降后升的规律;根据NRC推荐的饲养标准(奶牛、肉牛和绵羊),所有处理杂交狼尾草植株Mg含量均能满足家畜的需要,Ca:P为(0.95～2.67):1;利用杂交狼尾草饲喂高产奶牛时,应注意日粮中Ca、P的添加.     

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to study threonine requirements in horses receiving a predominantly forage diet

Threonine has been reported to be the second limiting amino acid in typical equine diets, but its actual requirement has not been determined in horses. To evaluate amino acid metabolism and requirements, the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method has been successfully used in other species. The objective of this research was to estimate threonine requirements in mature horses fed timothy hay and concentrate in 4:1 ratio using the IAAO method. Six Thoroughbred mares (579.9 ± 46.7 kg) received each of 6 levels of threonine intake, 41, 51, 61, 70, 80 and 89 mg/kg BW/day, in a randomly determined order. Each study period was 7‐day long, and on day 6, blood samples were collected before and 90 min after feeding to measure amino acid concentrations using HPLC. On day 7, horses underwent IAAO procedures, which included a 2‐hr primed, constant intravenous infusion of [¹³C]sodium bicarbonate to measure total CO₂ production and a 4‐hr primed, constant oral administration of [1‐¹³C]phenylalanine to estimate phenylalanine oxidation to CO₂. Blood and breath samples were collected to measure blood [¹³C]phenylalanine, using GC‐MS analysis and breath ¹³CO₂ enrichment, using an infrared isotope analyser. Increasing threonine intake levels did not affect plasma phenylalanine oxidation by the ANOVA test (p > 0.05) but resulted in a linear decrease in phenylalanine oxidation (p = 0.04) without a breakpoint by the orthogonal linear contrast. This study is the first attempt to evaluate threonine requirements in horses by the IAAO method; however, threonine requirements are still unknown in mature horses at this time.     

塔里木河干流河道生态需水量研究

基于有序聚类法,在对1957-2006年塔里木河干流径流序列受人类活动显著影响突变点判别的基础上,对干流新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉3个水文断面河道逐月最小生态需水量和适宜需水量进行计算。结果表明：① 近50 a来,人类活动对干流水资源影响程度不断增大,1976年前的径流量可以近似看作自然状态;② 新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉河道年最小需水量分别为17.68×10⁸ m³、10.02×10⁸ m³和3.29×10⁸ m³,年适宜需水量分别为35.65×10⁸ m³、18.23×10⁸ m³和7.00×10⁸ m³;③一般用水期（10月至翌年3月）保证新渠满、乌斯满和恰拉河道最小需水量5.33×10⁸ m³、3.77×10⁸ m³和1.32×10⁸ m³,用水敏感期（4-9月）保证适宜需水量28.99×10⁸ m³、13.70×10⁸ m³和5.09×10⁸ m³即可确保干流河道生态系统健康。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

黄土高原降水资源特征与林木适宜度研究

黄土高原位于干旱半干旱地区,水资源匮乏,如何根据当地的降水条件来确定适宜的植被类型是生态建设中的一个关键问题.通过对黄土高原68个气象台站1961-2000年逐月降水量的统计,结果表明:黄土高原的降水特征总体表现为年平均降水量区域差异大,由东南部的大于600 mm逐渐递减到西北部的不足200 mm;植物生长期间的降水占全年80%以上,且季节分配不均,表现为春旱、夏多、秋少.依据黄土高原的降水资源特征,从林地水量平衡理论出发,以生长季期间林地的水分收支状况来确定林木的适生程度,并以县为单位对黄土高原的林木适宜性进行分区.结果表明,黄土高原适宜于乔木林和灌木林的区域各占1/4左右.