苹果组培芽露地嫁接技术研究

提高苹果组培芽露地嫁接成活率的关键技术措施,主要有三个方面:培育壮芽,嫁接前对组培芽进行3至5天通风锻炼,增强其对外部环境条件的适应性;正确选择砧木及嫁接部位和方法,尽可能缩小砧穗间形态结构及木质化程度的差异,人为创造适宜的环境条件,搭棚遮荫避免阳光直射,适时灌水增加土壤及空气湿度,滴注激素促进接口愈合.本试验组培芽露地嫁接成活率达到93.3%,枝条最大月生长量为38厘米.     

沙田柚在不同枳选系砧木上的早期表现

比较了4个枳选系作沙田柚砧木的早期表现。结果表明,以不同枳选系作砧的沙田柚在树冠生长量、早结性等方面有差异。以小叶小花类型枳作砧木的,树冠小,结果早,以小叶大花类型枳作砧木的,树冠大小中等,但结果较迟。     

一类挖坑机械钻头横向振动系统的最优控制问题

建立了一类挖坑机械钻头横向振动系统的数学模型,并以阻尼函数作为控制变量,研究了该系统的最优控制问题,得出了两个定理。     

缺铁胁迫下4种野生梨砧木介质pH值及根系Fe~(3+)还原酶活性的变化

以川梨、砂梨、豆梨和杜梨为材料,研究了在缺铁胁迫下培养介质的pH值和根系Fe3+还原酶活性的变化。结果表明,缺铁胁迫使4种砧木的介质pH值于处理的第2天就迅速降低,并且一直低于低铁和正常供铁处理;而低铁处理下,介质pH值在最初几天内反而高于正常处理,至4～5d之后才逐渐低于正常供铁处理;同时,NH4+-N对降低介质pH值和缓解缺铁症状有利。4种砧木的根系Fe3+还原酶活性都随供铁浓度的增加而不同程度的增大:无铁处理下,砂梨根系Fe3+的还原能力最小、杜梨最大;而在低铁和正常供铁条件下,砂梨和川梨的还原能力最强,杜梨次之,豆梨最小。还原酶大小与症状表现之间具有一致性。     

Study of some factors affecting the growth and development of myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe)

In order to optimise production of the edible flower buds produced by myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) a greater understanding of the growth and development of the plant and factors influencing flower initiation and development are required. The vegetative growth phase in myoga was characterised by a distinct period of pseudostem development from the planted rhizome piece followed by an extended period of rhizome growth from both the base of pseudostems and the planted rhizome piece. The transition from pseudostem formation to the initiation of rhizome growth occurred at the same time as the dry weight of the planted rhizome piece ceased to decline. Flower bud initiation and development occurred over an extended period, beginning soon after the commencement of new rhizome growth and ending prior to foliage senescence. Flower buds were observed at the terminal meristem of first, second, third and fourth order rhizomes. Increasing temperatures stimulated both increased vegetative growth and flower bud initiation and development. Low flower bud yields recorded under conditions of low temperature were the result of reduced rate of floral initiation and not abortion of flower buds. Increased shading of plants grown under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduced flower bud yield and similarly the response resulted from decreased initiation rather than abortion.     

Evaluation of Olive Cultivars for Resistance to Verticillium dahliae

Resistance of 23 important olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae has been evaluated in four experiments under controlled conditions. Nine-month-old nursery olive plants were inoculated with a cotton non-defoliating (ND) (V4) or a cotton defoliating (D) (V117) isolate of V. dahliae. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using a 0–4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed and of those which recovered from the disease were used as additional parameters for including a particular cultivar into a defined category. Most of the evaluated cultivars were susceptible, although at different levels, to both isolates of V. dahliae. All cultivars were more susceptible to the D pathotype than to the ND one. A group of 11 cultivars, including several important Spanish cultivars, were susceptible or extremely susceptible to both pathotypes of V. dahliae. A second group showed differences of resistance depending on the pathotype used. They were susceptible or extremely susceptible to the D pathotype but resistant or moderately susceptible to the ND one. Finally, 'Frantoio', 'Oblonga' and 'Empeltre' were moderately susceptible to the D isolate of V. dahliae and resistant to the ND one. The resistance of 'Empeltre' was evident by the plant ability to recover from infection with either isolates. 'Empeltre' is considered to be a valuable cultivar for inclusion in breeding programmes for resistance to Verticillium wilt.     

Fine structure of the canal neuromasts of the lateral line system in the adult zebrafish

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fish is responsible for several functions such as balance, hearing, and orientation in water flow and is formed by neuromast receptor organs distributed on head, trunk and tail. Superficial and canal neuromasts can be distinguished for localization and morphological differences. Several information is present regarding the superficial neuromasts of zebrafish and other teleosts especially during larval and juvenile stages, while not as numerous data are so far available about the ultrastructural characteristics of the canal neuromasts in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructural aspects of cells present in the canal neuromasts. Besides the typical cellular aspects of the neuromast, different cellular types of hair cells were observed that could be identified as developing hair cells during the physiological turnover. The knowledge of the observed cellular types of the canal neuromasts and their origin could give a contribution to studies carried out on adult zebrafish used as model in neurological and non‐neurological damages, such as deafness and vestibular disorders.     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

甜樱桃不同砧穗组合成花调控关键基因表达差异研究

为了研究甜樱桃(Prunus avium)成花调控关键基因在不同砧穗组合中表达差异,以甜樱桃‘艳阳’(Sunburst)为接穗,‘ZY-1’(P.cerasus)、马哈利(P.mahaleb)和‘兰丁2号’(P.avium × P.pseudocerasus)为砧木的嫁接组合为试材,调查统计4年干龄不同砧穗组合的总花芽量及开花情况;克隆甜樱桃成花调控网络中EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3)、CONSTANS(CO)、FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)等9个关键作用基因,并利用实时荧光定量PCR对不同砧穗组合接穗的幼叶、叶芽、成龄叶、花芽、叶芽附近叶片叶柄及花芽附近叶片叶柄中这些基因的表达量鉴定。结果显示,艳阳/ZY-1、艳阳/马哈利和艳阳/兰丁2号组合的平均单株花芽量分别为279、288和317朵,不存在明显差异,但不同组合的花期却明显不同,当艳阳/马哈利有72%花芽处于开放期时,艳阳/兰丁2号的花开放比例只有7%,艳阳/ZY-1的花开放比例为49%;此外,PaELF3、PaCO、PaFT等9个成花关键基因,在同一时期不同砧穗组合的接穗组织中表达量存在差异,其中PaAP1在不同砧穗组合的花芽中表达模式与花期规律一致,表明PaAP1与樱桃花期调控密切相关。     

不同花生品种侧枝发育动态与产量性状研究

花生一级侧枝发育具有不均衡性。第一、二对侧枝出现早，伸长快，其他一级侧枝出现晚，伸长慢。86036－26－1第一、二对侧枝发育相对较早，而其他一级侧枝发育较晚；海花1号和豫花1号第一、二对发育相对较晚，而其他一级发育较快；豫花7号和鲁花9号居中。海花1号一级侧枝及第一对侧枝的二级侧枝数最多，86036－26－1的一级侧枝数及第一对侧枝的二级侧枝数量少。在花针期之前第一对侧枝的伸长与主茎基本同步；花针期之后，第一对侧枝伸长速度超过主茎。86036－26－1的一级侧枝长及株高居首位。86036－26－1第一、二对侧枝饱果率，产量居第一，豫花7号居第二。海花1号虽然荚果数较多，但第一、二对侧枝孢果率较低，产量也较低；鲁花9号居中。