对书写工具的选择与预防近视的认识和建议

从字迹是视觉信号这个角度来说,中小学生写字时最好使用较软质的铅笔或用钢笔。如果说低头歪头写字达不到书写＂三个一＂的要求,是孩子们＂喜欢低头歪头＂,那么众多家庭从孩子小的时候就手把手地教孩子怎样握笔写字、上学后老师又是那么耐心地教学生如何正确执笔书写,反而还有如此多的学生还是很难达到书写＂三个一＂的要求呢？     

Study on Site-specific Nutrient Management in Cotton Field

The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice.     

北京龙耘种业有限公司

中单28是中国农科院作物所选育的高产、多抗、优质、中晚熟普通玉米单交种，其组合为中1128x中5493。2005年4月经北京市农作物品种审定，审定编号为：京审玉2005001。2007年3月经山西省农作物品种审定，审定编号为：晋引玉2007008。     

良好农业规范（GAP）发展现状与建议——以云南省为例

良好农业规范在保证农产品质量与安全和出口中发挥着重要作用。综述了国内外良好农业规范认证发展情况及特征，结合2006-2017年间中国良好农业规范（CHINAGAP）在云南省的认证规模、区域分布和主体构成等指标，探讨了其在云南省的变化趋势。CHINAGAP在云南省呈现快速增长趋势，认证形成了以种植业为主、畜牧和渔业为辅的行业格局。但云南省认证总量偏少，认证可持续性和认知度较低等问题也制约了CHINAGAP在云南省的进一步发展。结合国内外良好农业规范发展经验，提出了加强政府引导，出台奖励办法；发挥企业与专业合作社示范作用，提高GAP认证积极性；加大CHINAGAP标准的宣传和推广力度等建议，为推动CHINAGAP认证工作在云南省的持续发展提供理论依据。     

一种优化的基于协同过滤的农业信息推荐系统研究

随着信息爆炸而引发的信息过载和资源迷向的问题日趋严重,特别是对于农民来说,对计算机技术的掌握不多。为了向农民及时、方便、高效地提供其感兴趣的农业信息及知识,许多学者都对推荐系统技术进行了研究。为此,首先介绍了目前推荐系统的关键技术,并针对目前推荐系统中存在的用户评价矩阵稀疏问题提出了通过项目聚类来构造出一个无缺失的用户评价矩阵。考虑到农民行为差异性,在进行评价预测之前先对评分进行标准化处理。     

棉田土壤养分精准管理初探

 应用地理信息系统 (GIS)结合土壤养分状况系统研究法探讨了一定农业生产条件下棉田土壤养分空间变异及其在推荐施肥中的应用。结果表明 ,棉田土壤养分的空间变异与前茬作物的种植利用方式有很大关系。网格取样技术和变量施肥技术是提高肥料有效性的有希望的手段 ,这些技术能使肥料以合适的用量施到需要的地方。平衡施肥示范结果显示根据土壤养分状况提出的推荐施肥 ,比当地常规施肥每公顷降低肥料成本 657.4元 ,籽棉产量从每公顷 4350kg增加到 52 1 2 .5kg,增产 1 9.8% ,增产所增加的收入每公顷 4657.5元 ,净增收益 531 4.9元。     

石林县珍稀植物现状调查及保护建议

因石林县处于喀斯特地貌区域,多种保护植物生长在恶劣的环境中,采取措施保护珍稀植物物种具有紧迫性和潜在价值.以查阅相关资料、咨询和访问、普遍调查与典型重点调查相结合等调查方法,对石林县境内的珍稀植物进行现状调查.结果显示,石林县境内国家重点保护植物和其它珍稀植物共24种,其中属国家重点保护的有17种.针对石林县珍稀植物现状,提出编制濒危珍稀植物名录,建立自然保护区,建立珍稀植物栽培基地等珍稀植物保护建议.     

辽宁中南部地区玉米推荐施肥研究

对2007、2008年辽宁省中南部地区多点试验产量进行三元二次和一元二次回归分析,得到三元二次和一元二次肥料效应模型。通过对平均产量进行码值回归,建立了辽宁省中南部地区玉米生产综合肥料效应模型,其中包括三元二次和一元二次模型。通过对模型的分析,给出辽宁省中南部地区玉米最佳推荐施肥量:氮肥(N)14 kg/667m2,磷肥(P2O5)9 kg/667m2,钾肥(K2O)7 kg/667m2。     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with anthelmintic resistance in sheep

Background

Anthelmintic drugs have been widely used in sheep as a cost-effective means for gastro-intestinal nematode (GIN) control. However, growing anthelmintic resistance (AHR) has created a compelling need to identify evidence-based management recommendations that reduce the risk of further development and impact of AHR.

Objective

To identify, critically assess, and synthesize available data from primary research on factors associated with AHR in sheep.

Methods

Publications reporting original observational or experimental research on selected factors associated with AHR in sheep GINs and published after 1974, were identified through two processes. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Agricola, CAB) and Web of Science (a collection of databases) were searched for potentially relevant publications. Additional publications were identified through consultation with experts, manual search of references of included publications and conference proceedings, and information solicited from small ruminant practitioner list-serves. Two independent investigators screened abstracts for relevance. Relevant publications were assessed for risk of systematic bias. Where sufficient data were available, random-effects Meta-Analyses (MAs) were performed to estimate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of AHR for factors reported in ≥2 publications.

Results

Of the 1712 abstracts screened for eligibility, 131 were deemed relevant for full publication review. Thirty publications describing 25 individual studies (15 observational studies, 7 challenge trials, and 3 controlled trials) were included in the qualitative synthesis and assessed for systematic bias. Unclear (i.e. not reported, or unable to assess) or high risk of selection bias and confounding bias was found in 93% (14/15) and 60% (9/15) of the observational studies, respectively, while unclear risk of selection bias was identified in all of the trials. Ten independent studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and MAs were performed for five factors. Only high frequency of treatment was a significant risk factor (OR = 4.39; 95% CI = 1.59, 12.14), while the remaining 4 variables were marginally significant: mixed-species grazing (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 0.66, 4.07); flock size (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97, 1.07); use of long-acting drug formulations (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 0.79, 10.24); and drench-and-shift pasture management (OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 0.75, 22.16).

Conclusions

While there is abundant literature on the topic of AHR in sheep GINs, few studies have explicitly investigated the association between putative risk or protective factors and AHR. Consequently, several of the current recommendations on parasite management are not evidence-based. Moreover, many of the studies included in this review had a high or unclear risk of systematic bias, highlighting the need to improve study design and/or reporting of future research carried out in this field.     

信阳市油菜施肥技术研究

通过对信阳市完成的13个油菜"3414"试验、10个氮肥用量试验、10个五区丰缺试验数据进行汇总分析,建立了信阳市油菜施肥模型,摸清了在本区域内油菜单位产量养分吸收量、土壤有效养分校正系数、土壤供肥量、土壤养分丰缺指标等技术参数,制定出了信阳市油菜施肥建议,为指导全市测土配方施肥技术推广提供了依据。