水稻白叶枯病菌GX1329基因组文库的构建及含编码TAL效应物基因的克隆的分离

由革兰氏阴性细菌水稻白叶枯病菌引起的水稻白叶枯病是亚洲、北美以及非洲部分地区最严重的水稻病害之一,水稻白叶枯病可使水稻减产高达50％以上。研究表明水稻白叶枯病菌的毒力主要依靠三型分泌系统所分泌的效应物。为了解水稻白叶枯病菌广西菌株GX1329中含有avrBs3／pthA家族基因的情况,本研究应用Alu I部分酶切其基因组DNA,构建了含有736个克隆的菌株GX1329的基因组文库。BamHI酶切分析随机挑取的15个文库克隆表明,克隆的外源DNA随机性良好,克隆的最小片段为27．7kb,最大为58．5kb,平均大小为39．9kb,文库克隆容量约为2．8×10^3Mb,该文库中包含基因组中任一个基因的概率为99．4％。利用来自水稻白叶枯病菌菲律宾菌株PX086的无毒基因avrXa10的第252位～第486位核苷酸序列作为探针,通过菌落原位杂交从GX1329基因组文库中筛选到37个含avrBs3／pthA家族基因的克隆。再通过Southern杂交分析,得到了17个独立克隆。这17个克隆中至少含有13个不同的avrBs3／pthA家族基因。这些基因在GX1329基因组中有的单独存在,有的两个或两个以上串联存在。本工作基本上明确了菌株GX1329基因组中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的数量,为进一步研究菌株GX1329中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的功能奠定了基础。     

水稻条斑病菌avrBs3/pthA家族基因敲除体系的建立

水稻细茵性条斑病菌存在至少20个avrBs3/pthA家族成员,但其在水稻上的毒性或无毒性贡献并不清楚.本文依据avrBs3/pthA结构上的保守性,利用同源重组策略,借助自杀性载体pKMS1介导,对水稻条斑病菌中的avrBs3/pthA家族基因进行敲除.结果发现:同源交换可通过基因内和基因间重组实现avrBs3/pthA家族的基因敲除;PCR和Southern杂交结果显示,水稻条斑病菌中有5个avrB5s3/pthA家族基因被成功敲除,表明水稻条斑病菌avrBs3/pthA家族基因敲除体系构建成功.这为逐一评价avrBs3/pthA 家族基因的毒性或/和无毒性功能奠定了基础.     

柑橘溃疡病致病基因PthA核定位信号肽抗血清制备及其抑菌的研究

 用PCR法扩增位于柑橘溃疡病菌致病基因pthA C-末端的3个核定位信号序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体PET32a(+)上,经双酶切及核酸序列测定重组质粒(PthA-NLS),其序列与GenBank中pthA的相关序列有99.9%的同一性。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导了重组多肽的表达,并用Ni2+-NTA纯化柱得到了48kD的纯化重组多肽。把重组多肽注入免疫Balb/c小白鼠,制备了相应的抗血清,Western Blotting和ELISA分析结果表明,抗血清可特异地结合重组多肽,亦可识别溃疡病菌PthA天然蛋白,获得的抗血清可以用于柑橘溃疡病的检测。利用抗血清与溃疡病菌混合接种离体冰糖橙叶片,发现抗血清能推迟溃疡病菌的致病过程,且病斑比对照小,但未能达到抗病的程度。pthA基因末端核定位信号序列的克隆、原核表达及抗血清的制备为进一步研究pthA的致病机理和研发溃疡病快速分子检测技术奠定了基础。     

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody Against PthA-NLS and Cloning of the Relative ScFv Gene

The present study aimed at the preparation of monoclonal antibody against the recombinant PthA-NLS and the isolation of the relative ScFv （single chain variable fragment） genes, providing the possibility to better understand the pathogenesis mechanism via PthA, and developing proper construct for future experimentation to obtain citrus plants resistant to canker disease by transformation and plant antibody techniques. The recombinant polypeptide PthA-NLS was injected into Balb/c mice to produce monoclonal antibody. Total RNA was isolated from the hybridoma cell line 3D10H2 which secreted anti- PthA-NLS McAb, and the variable region genes were amplified with specific primers by RT-PCR and SOE-PCR （splicing by overlap extension）, and then the ScFv gene was isolated. The recombinant ScFv gene was cloned into pGEM-T and pET32a（＋） vector. The later plasmid was transferred into E. coli BL21 （DE3） and the expression of the recombinant protein was induced. Three cell lines producing monoclonal antibody against PthA-NLS were acquired and named 1C8H1, 2D12B6, and 3D8A10. The recombinant ScFv gene of about 750 bp was constructed. The sequencing results showed that the ScFv gene consists of a 360 bp heavy chain, a 342 bp light chain, and a 45 bp linker region. The recombinant fusion ScFv protein was expressed by IPTG induction, and a 44.5 kDa of recombinant fusion protein was obtained. In conclusion, we obtained three cell lines stably producing monoclonal antibody specifically bound to PthA-NLS, and the relative ScFv gene was constructed and successfully expressed in E. coli. These results may play an important role in further understanding the pathogenesis mechanism and in the development of possible citrus resistant to canker disease by genetic transformation and plant antibiobody.     

Isolation of a Protein Bound to Canker-forming Factor from Citrus Plant

Interaction analysis using affinity analysis (Affinity Sensors, Cambridge, UK) indicated the presence of proteins bound to Apl1, a virulence factor of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri required for the formation of canker symptom on citrus, in the fraction 25–50% ammonium sulfate of citrus crude extracts. Three proteins of 25, 50 and 110-kD were eluted from an Apl1-affinity column. Western analysis revealed that Apl1 binds specifically to the 25-kD and 110-kD but not to the 50-kD protein. When crude extracts of soybean and of tobacco were applied to the Apl1-affinity column, only faint bands were detected. This result suggests that Apl1 targets exist specifically in citrus plants. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal of the 25-kD protein was determined, and homology search analysis revealed that this sequence was almost identical to those commonly present in S-adenosyl-l-methionine : trans-caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAMT) from several plants. This enzyme is specific to the substrate trans -caffeoyl-CoA and catalyzes the synthesis of trans-feruloyl-CoA for lignin formation. Received 4 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 26 November 1999     

抗PthA-NLS多肽单克隆抗体的制备及单链抗体基因的构建

 【目的】制备抗PthA-NLS多肽单克隆抗体并构建其单链抗体（single chain variable fragment,ScFv）基因,为从PthA角度进一步研究柑橘溃疡病致病机理创造条件,并为构建单链抗体基因植物表达载体,尝试利用转基因和植物抗体技术创制抗溃疡病柑橘新种质奠定基础。【方法】利用PthA-NLS重组多肽免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备抗PthA-NLS多肽单克隆抗体,从分泌抗PthA-NLS多肽单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR和重叠延伸PCR（splicing by overlap extension PCR,SOE-PCR）法构建其单链抗体基因,并克隆到pGEM-T载体和原核表达载体pET32a(+)中,重组原核表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导重组蛋白的表达。【结果】获得了3株能稳定分泌抗PthA-NLS多肽的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株1C8H1、2D12B6、3D8A10。成功构建了单链抗体基因ScFv,获得的ScFv基因大小约750 bp,其中重链可变区（VH）基因有360 bp,轻链可变区（VL）基因有342 bp,中间连接肽基因45 bp,经过IPTG诱导ScFv原核表达,获得了大小为44.5 kD的ScFv重组蛋白。【结论】试验获得了3株能稳定分泌抗PthA-NLS多肽的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,成功构建了ScFv基因,并实现了原核表达,为进一步探索PthA的致病机理和下一步利用抗体技术获得抗溃疡病柑橘种质的研究打下了基础。